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In consort with the supporters, there were some anti-unification leaders. The Peace of Villafranca, treaty between France and Austria (1859) stated that conjoining the territories would be easy, but Emperor Napoleon III of France wrote that he did not want Italy to unify because the nation would diminish its preponderance. Though to many it seemed and obvious choice for unification, to these writer including Giuseppe Garibaldi, believed they were a monarchy in the first place for a reason. They thought that separate kingdoms and territories would be beneficial for everyone.…
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The "very roots of human life" were being neglected by Germany's imperialistic government which portrayed acts of aggression and tyranny toward their people and neighboring countries which posed a threat for world peace and democracy. Germany's imperialistic government overlooked the well-being of their people and put them in hardships without their approval.…
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Those who agreed that Italy should be unified argued that Italy would not survive in the separated states, would be vulnerable to invasions, and would ultimately be weaker overall. Giuseppe Mazzini, an attorney who was exiled from Piedmont and wanted Italy to be unified so that he could return to his home said, “Unity, because without unity there can be no true nation, and without unity there is no strength.” (DOC 1) People for unification believed the combining of Italy states would be beneficial in the end. Vincenzo Gioberti, a priest from Piedmont, said, “The benefits Italy would gain from a political confederation under the moderating authority of the pontiff are beyond enumeration…would increase the strength of the various princes without damaging their independence; it would remove the causes of disruptive wars and revolutions at home, and make foreign invasions impossible. (DOC 3) Some civilians of these states also agreed that the unification of Italy would be just fine. Jessie White Mario, an English journalist who is obviously an opinionated individual being in the field of journalism said, “…Italy would have been free from foreigners, would have been free, independent, and united, had not monarchy stepped in and substituted the petty longings of dynastic ambition for the great national aim.” (DOC 9) On the other hand, some people felt that the unification of Italy would not bring success, but failure.…
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Italian Unification- unification movement in Italy shifted to Sardinia-Piedmont under King Victor Emmanuel, Count Cavour, and Garibaldi.…
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In 1850 there were many political coalitions in central Europe such as Italy, Germany and Russia, who used strong national pride for national unification purposes. Count Camillo Cavour managed to remove Austrian influence from all parts of Italy through a series of wars, thus spurring intense nationalism. Giuseppe Garibaldi, another Italian nationalist, raised a volunteer army in 1860 and drove Spain from the Kingdom of Two Siciles, thereby uniting all of Italy under Victor Emmanuel. Similarly, Otto von Bismarck, appointed by William I in 1861, was able to unite Germany through the Franco-Prussian war. In 1871, the victorious Bismarck crowned King William I as emperor of the new German Empire, and a strong and proud Germany emerged. In Russia, Alexander III, through a policy known as Russification, demanded all Russians, including people in the far-flung reaches of the Empire were made to learn the Russian language and convert to Russian Orthodoxy. Those that didn’t were persecuted (primarily the Jews) and led to many nonconformist to flee Russia. Through this forceful process, Russia was successfully united in language and…
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Prime Minister Otto Von Bismarck and Prime Minister Count Camillo Benso di Cavour were powerful men who believed in politics based on practical objectives rather than on ideals, also referred to as Realpolitik. Bismarck sought to unify Germany while Cavour sought to unify Italy. Looking at which one was more effective as a leader it is my opinion that Otto Von Bismarck was most effective in the success of his nation.…
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However, Prussia realized Germany’s vulnerability, seeing how its loose union and its central geographical spot in the continent made it vulnerable to attack from strong neighbors like France and Russia. So, Prussia set out to unify Germany to form one large, stronger state. However, this unification could not have been possible without Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian noble who had risen through the ranks to become a major political figure and the driving force behind German unification. The question is begged, however: how did Bismarck do it? How did he rise to power and unite these fragmented pieces into one union? Well, for one, Bismarck had connections. A noble by birth, Bismarck had high social standing, but no governmental or military background that would facilitate a career in politics. Nonetheless, he befriended two military generals by the names of Helmut von Moltke and Albrecht von Roon. Moltke and Roon, both cunning military minds and dedicated ideologues, rose up the Prussian power ladder. In 1859, Roon was appointed minister of war, allowing him a direct link to the king. A strong believer in Bismarck’s potential, Roon lobbied the king to appoint Bismarck to a high post. It was a success, and in September 1862, Bismarck was appointed minister-president. Now that Bismarck had reached high office, it was up to him to use his power wisely. This is where Bismarck’s political cunning comes into play. Soon after receiving his position, Bismarck began winning the king over. Within a short while, Bismarck…
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Otto Von Bismarck was a man of manipulation, provocation, disdain, and most of all he was a man of change. Otto Von Bismarck was a man of manipulation or the changing of one’s surroundings to better fit their needs and desires. Otto Von Bismarck used his ability to manipulate others so that he could help Germany (Prussia), develop a standing in Europe that would make them the number one power in Europe. Otto Von Bismarck was also a man of provocation or the pushing of others for the intent of angering them to take action for or against something. When Otto Von Bismarck was devising his 3 step plan for Germany, he needed to start a war with France but he needed them to make the first move, to do this, he sent France a very mean letter that was…
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Through much of the nineteenth century nationalism was used as tool in political propaganda. Nationalism is the extreme patriotism or love for one’s country. In the past few centuries nationalism has been used a justification for many wars and genocides. Nationalism has also been used to fuel the desire for imperialism. Imperialism is when one country takes over another.…
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This movement is one example of how a movement that also shows nationalism characteristics can create unification among Italy. The Congress of Vienna and the end of Napoleonic rule lead to a nationalism increase for Italy. This increase brought unity because the people starting feeling as though they had a say in what was happening instead of having one person make all the decisions. This group and the end of this rule demonstrates how there can be a unity increase coming from any sort of source. Finally, in March 1861, a parliament of all of Italy except Rome and Venetia, agreed on unifying Italy with Victor Emmanuel as its first king.…
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Nationalism was a key factor in building nations. Throughout the years Italians were growing impatient and dissatisfied under foreign rule. Count Cavour was responsible for the brains behind the unification of Italy. He believed that releasing the Italians from foreign rule would not only leave the country authoritative and superb but also supply the people with intelligence and knowledge (Doc. 3). Italian Nationalists looked up to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia because of their power over the Italian states. In 1848, the kingdom had adopted a liberal constitution. So to the middle class liberals, unification under Piedmont Sardinia was appealing. Giuseppe Garibaldi, the leader of army of nationalists, captured Sicily. After marching across the Italian mainland their was an agreement to let the Sardinian king rule. Like Italy, Germany achieved national unity around the same time. The Austrian Empire took over the German confederation; however, Prussia was prepared to unify them. Prussia had a mainly German empire. Therefore, nationalism truly unified Prussia. When Bismarck took control, he was a master of realpolitik. Bismarck’s method for uniting Germany was through blood and iron (Doc 5). He believed that the power of Germany should be allocated over all German People. In his eyes, war was the only option to achieving success.…
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As governments experienced many revolutions and uprisings in the name of nationalism, some countries’ respective leaders realized that their traditional conservatism would eventually destabilize their authoritative legitimacy. Thus, leaders such as Otto von Bismarck adopted a new kind of conservatism, mixing both liberal, semi-socialistic and conservative policies in order to keep a balance that would ensure some stability in his state. For Otto von Bismarck, his international policies were more conservative; he promoted nationalism, unification, and state sovereignty. His domestic policies, however, were more liberal; he allowed for progressive social reforms and implemented separation of church and state.…
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The unification of both Germany and Italy brought great change in these countries. This process resulted in these countries to focus on for their independence, economic growth, and a strong nationalism. Also, there is another role of the unification and it is an occurrence of war, separation and controlling politics. War is a natural force which leads to unite some nations as wells as divide others. In the unification process, it is essential to have a confident and courageous leader. Bismarck was a leader in Germany while Cavour was a leader in Italy. Bismarck’s ideas were based on the pure survival. He insisted to work hard in a forceful way thought it might be brutal, to unify the Germany and therefore he was recognized as “Bloddy Iron”. The leadership of Italy was primarily based on the political issues.…
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Napoleon III agreed to help Cavour in planning Piedmont's war against Austria. The Emperor wanted to drive the Austrians out of Italy once and for all but did not want a revolution because then he would not end up as the legal sovereign of the richest and most powerful half of Italy, and hence would in practice dominate the whole peninsula. Camillo di Cavour wanted the principle of nationalities to be realized and that Savoy, be reunited with France. He wanted The Emperor to supply munitions and aid in obtaining money to support the war effort.…
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Both, Metternich and Bismarck sought to bring unity and stability to their nations, but in different ways. While Metternich was hard at work using his diplomatic skills trying to prevent German unification during the first half of the nineteenth century, Bismarck on the other hand was known as the Iron Chancellor, in the later nineteenth century set on to unite Germany through his many wars.…
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