The the Landmarks in the Human Rights Theory in Historical Context: a Synoptic View
The Landmarks in the Human Rights Theory in Historical Context: A Synoptic View. Conrad John Masabo Introduction Human rights (HRs) campaigns, debates and concerns have and are dominating the international and local forum and sphere of interests and “human rights talk has gained increasing influence in the international relations of the global south, especially in debates about emancipatory potential for people at the grassroots to influence development projects and for emerging domestic civil societies.1 In fact, “one of the significant areas under discussion in our today’s world is the issue of human rights.2 But the fact is: it is only of the recent that the language or phrase human right have come to mean something that we did not use or refer it to. In that regard, it is argued then, that ideas synonymous to the phrase human rights is not new at all, but started longer before being written down in international documents such as The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHRs) and national constitutions such as The Constitutions of the United Republic of Tanzania [CURT]. People from time to time have revealed their concern for other people through their commitment to principles of prosperity; justice and caring for others through the cultural practices and tradition. Commenting on the origin and the foundation of human rights, Hellsten and Lwaitama in 2004 contended as follows:
Human rights, however, are not types of entity that happens to be there for people to claim. Rather they had to be invented and grounded on various philosophical, theological and political theories and enforced by various international conventions and agreements as well as by national and regulations.3
It is now evident that the phrase or “the language of universal human rights is arguably the only shared value system which we have in the modern world for discussing questions of justice.”4 In that regard the questions clicking right away to the mind of those sharing
Human rights, however, are not types of entity that happens to be there for people to claim. Rather they had to be invented and grounded on various philosophical, theological and political theories and enforced by various international conventions and agreements as well as by national and regulations.3
It is now evident that the phrase or “the language of universal human rights is arguably the only shared value system which we have in the modern world for discussing questions of justice.”4 In that regard the questions clicking right away to the mind of those sharing
Bibliography: Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) Sector Review, “From Aristotle to the UN: the development and growth of human rights” at http://www.ahrc.ac.uk/About/Policy/Documents/trackingbackhumanrights.pdf (Accessed on December 31, 2009) Eunice Kamaara & Mary Kamaara, “Abortion and HIV/AIDS: A Human Rights Perspective” in African Ecclesial Review (AFER) 47/1&2 (March-June 2005), 44-56. H. Paul Chalfant, H.P. and Labeff, E.Understanding People Social Life: Introduction to Sociology, St Paul: West Publishing Company, 1988. Hellsten, S. K. and Lwaitama, A. F. Civic Ethics Handbook: Ethics and Reflective Skills for Democracy ,Dar es Salaam: Oxford University Press, 2004. http://afraf.oxfordjournal.org/cgi/pdf_extract/105/420/488 (Accessed on December 31, 2009). IRC Sierra Leone HUMAN RIGHTS TRAINING MODULE Faciliteto’s Notes August, 2003. Michael Sia Tesha, “Whether Human Rights Claims Are Genuine: In Perspective of the Pacem in Terris” in Africa Tomorrow 11/1 (June 2009), 67-80. Norlén, G. A History of Ideas: Three Areas of western Philosophy, MakumiraTanzania: The Research Institute of Makumira University College, 2002. Overseas Development Institute (ODI) “Economic Theory, Freedom and human Rights: The Work of Amartya Sen” ODI Briefing Paper, November 2001, 4 at http://www.odi.org.uk/RIGHTS/publication/sen.pdf (accessed on December 31, 2009) Shivji, I. G. ed., et al., Constitutional and Legal System of Tanzania: A Civics Sourcebook , Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, 2004. Tarimo, A. Human Rights, Cultural Differences and the Church in Africa, Morogoro -Tanzania: Salvatorianum Publishing House, 2004. Tina Beattie. Review of The Challenge of Human rights: Origin , Development, and Significance by Jack Mahoney (Malden, Oxford, Carlton: Blackwell Publishing, 2007) and review of Christ and Human Rights: Transformative Engagement (Aldershot UK and Burlington VT: Ashgate, 2006) http://tina.beattie.googlepages/Tablet_mahoney_newlands.pdf (Accessed on December 31, 2009). 7