These instruments primarily include: the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals; the right to a fair trial both in civil and in criminal cases; and equality of all before the law. Article 8 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) states the right of individuals to judicial protection as: “Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.” In this respect, the UDHR takes into account the possibility of legal proceedings in any state. The European Convention on Human Rights (1953) does not profoundly pole apart from the UDHR and it declares: “Everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided by …show more content…
This was the statement of the lawyers of Khodorkovsky and Lebedev, released after the court had found the defendants guilty of creating an organized group in committing crimes in the oil complex of Russia and the crimes of selfish motives for personal gain. Khodorkovsky himself stated that the truth behind his conviction was the retribution for financing political parties that opposed President Putin. He had provided funding to nearly all political parties and was publishing the prestigious “Moskovskiye Novosti” newspaper, which criticized President