THE EFFECT OF PAPAYA EXTRACT IN SEED GERMINATION OF MONGO SEEDS
THE EFFECT OF PAPAYA EXTRACT IN SEED GERMINATION OF MONGO SEEDS
I. INTRODUCTION
The angiosperm, or flowering-plants, from the Greek word Angein means vessel or receptacle, makes up the most adundant and dominant group in the kingdom plantae. From grasses to cacti, from tiny herbs and wild flowers to large maple trees and oaks, considering all plants familiar to you are majority belongs to these group. (Moses, P.B., Chua N-H, 1988)
In angiosperms, flower is the crucial site where sexual reproduction takes place for the perpetuation of that particular species. However, these simple facts and the control mechanism involved have been only known past decades ago and some aspect are still obscure and not well understood. (McFadden, C.H., Keeton W.T, 1995)
The angiosperms, if not the most successful group of plants that exploited our terrestrial environment is considered as one of the most successful due to its evolutionary and adaptive traits. An exemplary example is the flower where it is manifested by its structure ensuing successful reproduction.(Grant, V.,1951)
Flowering plants are “heterosporangiate”, producing two types of reproductive spores. . (Grant, V., 1951). The pollen (male spores) and ovules (female spores) are produced in different organs. When a pollen of particular species attached to the stigma of a compatible species, the development of the pollen tube ensues to transport the sperm in the ovary which is facilitated by the influx of calcium ions.(Campbell). When the tip of the pollen tube reaches an ovule, it discharges the two sperms cells in the female gametophytes (embryo sac). Double fertilization then occurs: one sperm fertilizes the egg, and the zygote thus formed undergoes a series of mitotic divisions and develops into a tiny sporophyte called embryo. (McFadden, C.H., Keeton W.T, 1995). The second sperm combines with the polar nuclei to form a triploid nucleus. These nucleuses undergo a series of mitotic divisions and a
I. INTRODUCTION
The angiosperm, or flowering-plants, from the Greek word Angein means vessel or receptacle, makes up the most adundant and dominant group in the kingdom plantae. From grasses to cacti, from tiny herbs and wild flowers to large maple trees and oaks, considering all plants familiar to you are majority belongs to these group. (Moses, P.B., Chua N-H, 1988)
In angiosperms, flower is the crucial site where sexual reproduction takes place for the perpetuation of that particular species. However, these simple facts and the control mechanism involved have been only known past decades ago and some aspect are still obscure and not well understood. (McFadden, C.H., Keeton W.T, 1995)
The angiosperms, if not the most successful group of plants that exploited our terrestrial environment is considered as one of the most successful due to its evolutionary and adaptive traits. An exemplary example is the flower where it is manifested by its structure ensuing successful reproduction.(Grant, V.,1951)
Flowering plants are “heterosporangiate”, producing two types of reproductive spores. . (Grant, V., 1951). The pollen (male spores) and ovules (female spores) are produced in different organs. When a pollen of particular species attached to the stigma of a compatible species, the development of the pollen tube ensues to transport the sperm in the ovary which is facilitated by the influx of calcium ions.(Campbell). When the tip of the pollen tube reaches an ovule, it discharges the two sperms cells in the female gametophytes (embryo sac). Double fertilization then occurs: one sperm fertilizes the egg, and the zygote thus formed undergoes a series of mitotic divisions and develops into a tiny sporophyte called embryo. (McFadden, C.H., Keeton W.T, 1995). The second sperm combines with the polar nuclei to form a triploid nucleus. These nucleuses undergo a series of mitotic divisions and a
References: Moses, P.B., and F.B. Salisbury, 1972. Botany, An Ecologycal Approach, Belmont, Wadswprth, California McFadden, C.H., Keeton, W.T, 1995. Biology: Ar-Explration of Life, W.W. Norton and Company – Inc. Grant V., 1951. The Fertilization of flowers, Scientific American 184(6). Bowley, J.D., and M. Black 1985, Seeds:Physiology of Development and Germination, Plenum, New York Lancashire, R.J. 1997. , The Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica. http://www.planthormones.info/abscisicacid.htm