The Chilean Population Analysis

According to the National Institute of Statistics, in 2014, the Chilean population reached almost 18 million, almost like the State of Florida in the United States or the Netherlands. More of the 40% of the population is located in Santiago, the capital; the vast majority of the Chilean inhabitants’ lives in cities instead of the countryside; and the population is getting older, turning Chile into a country under an advanced demographic transition (INEa, 2014).
In its Constitution, Chile does not distinguish its population regarding ethnicity; in fact, is considered as homogeneous. However, other official frameworks recognize Chile as ethnically diverse, as the case of the Indigenous Bill . So, Chilean population is split into the following main ethnical groups: white, mestizo, and indigenous.
The first one descends from the Spanish conquerors and from other European migrations occurred between the 18 and 20 Centuries and the mestiza population comes from the mixture among Spanish, indigenous, and other migrants. In the other hand, native Chilean people descend from the original inhabitants of the territory. Eight different
Civilization was deployed based upon the homogeneity and the exclusion of differences, and an alleged white supremacy. This was more or less acknowledged and repaired through the Indigenous Bill in 1993 and the indigenous public policies since then. This includes affirmative-action policies, like quotas to promote higher education among indigenous students; and subsidies to indigenous microenterprises, to mention a few examples. However, underdevelopment among indigenous populations, persistent discrimination and racism, and a high criminalization of the indigenous political protest, remain as a core problem in Chile (Bengoa, 2004; United Nations,