Solubility of Compounds in Water

Solubility Rules Chart

Negative Ions (Anions) + Positive Ions
(Cations) = Solubility of Compounds in water Example

any anion
+ Alkali Ions
(Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+)
=
soluble Sodium fluoride, NaF, is soluble any anion + hydrogen ion
[H+ (aq)] = soluble hydrogen chloride, HCl, is soluble any anion + ammonium ion
(NH4) = soluble ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is soluble nitrate NO3- + any cation = soluble potassium nitrate, KNO3, is soluble acetate (CH3COO-) + any cation
(except Ag) = soluble sodium acetate, CH3COONa, is soluble

Chloride (Cl-),
Bromide (Br-), Iodide (I-)
+ Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Cu+, Tl+
= low solubility (insoluble) silver chloride, AgCl, forms a white precipitate + any other cation = soluble potassium bromide, KBr, is soluble

Sulfate
(SO42-)
+ Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ag2+, Pb2+, Ra2+, Hg2+
= low solubility (insoluble) barium sulfate, BaSO4, forms a white precipitate + any other cation = soluble copper sulfate, CuSO4, is soluble

sulfide
(S2-)

+ alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+), alkali earth metals (Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ra2+), and H+(aq), and NH4+

=

soluble magnesium sulfide, MgS, is soluble + any other cation = low solubility (insoluble) zinc sulfide, ZnS, is insoluble

hydroxide
OH-
+ alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+),
Sr2+, Ba2+, Ra2+, Tl+, and H+(aq), and NH4
=
soluble strontium hydroxide, Sr(OH)2, is soluble + any other cation
=
low solubility (insoluble) silver hydroxide, AgOH, is insoluble (forms a precipitate)

Phosphate (PO43-),
Carbonate (CO32-),
Sulfite (SO32-)
+ alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+), and H+(aq), and NH4
=
soluble ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4, is soluble + any other cation
= low solubility (insoluble) magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, is insoluble

Chromate
CrO42-
+ alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+),
Ca2+, Sr2+, and NH4+,
=
soluble sodium chromate, Na2CrO4, is soluble + any