referencing
Guide to assignment writing and referencing
(4th edition)
www.deakin.edu.au/study-skills
Guide to assignment writing and referencing
(4th edition)
Written by Marie Gaspar, with the assistance of Meron Shepherd,
Language and Learning Advisers, Student Life
Published by Deakin University
First published 2005
Second edition 2007
Third edition 2009
Revised 2009 [i.e. 2010]
Fourth edition 2011
Revised 2012
Revised 2013
ISBN 978 1 74156 144 9
© Deakin University 2013
Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
Contents
Writing assignments at university
6
Reading 8
Note taking
11
Summarising, paraphrasing and quoting
13
Check your understanding: activities on summarising, paraphrasing and quoting
18
Language and style
39
Referencing 41
Avoiding plagiarism and collusion
44
The author–date (Harvard) style
48
The APA (American Psychological Association) style
59
The documentary-note (Oxford) style
71
Law style
79
Numbered citation style
89
Vancouver style
96
Electronic sources: some guidelines
105
Useful resources
108
Glossary 111
T
his guide has been written especially for students beginning at Deakin. It offers information about assignment writing and referencing for those coming to university from the Australian school system, those returning to study after a break from formal education, those transferring from other institutions, and international students.
Writing assignments at university
W
riting is a difficult yet rewarding task. It is not an easy, neat, linear process – for most of us, at least! Rather, writing is intellectually challenging, messy and circular. However, it is a skill that can be learned and developed. With practice, by reading in your subject areas and developing awareness of how various types of texts are structured, you, as a student writer*, can gain competence and confidence in
(4th edition)
www.deakin.edu.au/study-skills
Guide to assignment writing and referencing
(4th edition)
Written by Marie Gaspar, with the assistance of Meron Shepherd,
Language and Learning Advisers, Student Life
Published by Deakin University
First published 2005
Second edition 2007
Third edition 2009
Revised 2009 [i.e. 2010]
Fourth edition 2011
Revised 2012
Revised 2013
ISBN 978 1 74156 144 9
© Deakin University 2013
Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
Contents
Writing assignments at university
6
Reading 8
Note taking
11
Summarising, paraphrasing and quoting
13
Check your understanding: activities on summarising, paraphrasing and quoting
18
Language and style
39
Referencing 41
Avoiding plagiarism and collusion
44
The author–date (Harvard) style
48
The APA (American Psychological Association) style
59
The documentary-note (Oxford) style
71
Law style
79
Numbered citation style
89
Vancouver style
96
Electronic sources: some guidelines
105
Useful resources
108
Glossary 111
T
his guide has been written especially for students beginning at Deakin. It offers information about assignment writing and referencing for those coming to university from the Australian school system, those returning to study after a break from formal education, those transferring from other institutions, and international students.
Writing assignments at university
W
riting is a difficult yet rewarding task. It is not an easy, neat, linear process – for most of us, at least! Rather, writing is intellectually challenging, messy and circular. However, it is a skill that can be learned and developed. With practice, by reading in your subject areas and developing awareness of how various types of texts are structured, you, as a student writer*, can gain competence and confidence in