Purification of Water : a Study
Chemistry Investigatory Project
To determine minimum amount of
Bleaching Powder
Required to disinfect different samples of Water.
INDEX I. Introduction o Purification of Water o History of Water Purification o Bleaching Powder
II. Experiment o Aim o Requirements o Theory o Procedure o Observations o Result o Precautions
Introduction
98% of the Earth’s water is present in the oceans with an average salinity of 3.5%. The remainder of the Earth's water constitutes the planet's fresh water resource. Typically, fresh water is defined as water with salinity below around 0.035%.
The planet's fresh water is also very unevenly distributed. About 68.7% of the freshwater is deposited in the form of ice near the poles and 30.1% of the freshwater is present in the form of Ground Water. The rest of the fresh water is known as the surface water which is present in the form of Freshwater Lakes, Rivers and Swamps.
Of all these sources, only the river water is generally valuable.
An average 4 membered household uses about 90-100 gallons i.e. 400 litres of water daily. In order to fulfill such a huge demand of water, it needs to be purified and supplied in an orderly and systematic way. Most available water sources have been contaminated over the years. In order to make them useful, we need to purify and sterilize that water.
Purification of Water
There are many methods for the purification of water. Some of them are:-
← Boiling Boiling is perhaps the most commonly used water purification technique in use today. While in normal households it is an efficient technique, it is unfeasible for industrial purposes mainly due to efficiency problems
← Filtration Filtration is also used for removing foreign particles from water. One major drawback of this purification process is that it cannot be used for removing foreign chemicals and impurities that are miscible with water.
Since both the enlisted
To determine minimum amount of
Bleaching Powder
Required to disinfect different samples of Water.
INDEX I. Introduction o Purification of Water o History of Water Purification o Bleaching Powder
II. Experiment o Aim o Requirements o Theory o Procedure o Observations o Result o Precautions
Introduction
98% of the Earth’s water is present in the oceans with an average salinity of 3.5%. The remainder of the Earth's water constitutes the planet's fresh water resource. Typically, fresh water is defined as water with salinity below around 0.035%.
The planet's fresh water is also very unevenly distributed. About 68.7% of the freshwater is deposited in the form of ice near the poles and 30.1% of the freshwater is present in the form of Ground Water. The rest of the fresh water is known as the surface water which is present in the form of Freshwater Lakes, Rivers and Swamps.
Of all these sources, only the river water is generally valuable.
An average 4 membered household uses about 90-100 gallons i.e. 400 litres of water daily. In order to fulfill such a huge demand of water, it needs to be purified and supplied in an orderly and systematic way. Most available water sources have been contaminated over the years. In order to make them useful, we need to purify and sterilize that water.
Purification of Water
There are many methods for the purification of water. Some of them are:-
← Boiling Boiling is perhaps the most commonly used water purification technique in use today. While in normal households it is an efficient technique, it is unfeasible for industrial purposes mainly due to efficiency problems
← Filtration Filtration is also used for removing foreign particles from water. One major drawback of this purification process is that it cannot be used for removing foreign chemicals and impurities that are miscible with water.
Since both the enlisted
Bibliography: o Books Referred ▪ Laboratory Manual ▪ NCERT Chemistry Textbook o Sites Referred ▪ Wikipedia ▪ Scribd ▪ CBSE Portal ▪ Jmooneyham.com