The answers:
1a.Before defining and explaining science as product, I would like to explain first what is the purpose beyond studying research methods? First, we study, research method to consume the research evidence. Moreover, as a student, to satisfy curiosity or will help in fulfill the research requirements. As a communication scholar, to keep up with the latest developments in the field. What about as critical consumer, it helps the consumer to make useful decisions about everyday life. Second, to produce research evidence; first, try to estimate data or opinions with certain research group. Acquire or obtain reliable data and eventually, draws conclusions. In addition, there are two criteria for social science research; 1-make or do social performance; how people interact, think and feel with each other. 2- Must be scientifically observable. There are four basic methodological approaches to the social world; experimental research, survey research, field research and available …show more content…
patients. Also, I believe it is important to mention that there were four different cover letters. All cover litters were high in both threat and efficacy ,but different in the manner in which threat was addressed differently based on the manipulation of two dimensions as I mentioned above , Frame of the messages ;( positive =gain) vs negative =lose ) and point of view ( personal vs impersonal). We had (Four of experimental groups, each has one manipulated cover letter+ 1the control group has a generic letter). The results were based on conducting two types of survey; 1- initial survey; each contact has one of the five randomly assigned cover letters. 2-And after 4 months a follow-up survey was sent to all physicians who completed the initial survey. The level of measurement was an interval in the initial survey and follow-up survey 7 point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly