Principles of Development

 PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
– Early foundations are critical.
– Role of maturation and learning.
– Follows definite and predictable pattern.
– All individuals are different.
– Each phase has characteristic behaviour.
– Each phase of development has hazards.
– Development is aided by simulation.
– devt: is affected by cultural changes.
– Social expectations in every stage.
– Traditional beliefs about people of all ages.
 STAGES IN LIFE SPAN
1. PRE-NATAL PERIOD – CONCEPTION - BIRTH
2. INFANCY -Birth- end of 2w
3. BABYHOOD - 2w- 2y
4. EARLY CHILDHOOD -2-6
5. LATE CHILDHOOD -6-12
6. PUBERTY -10/11 -13/14
7. ADOLESCENCE -13/14 - 18
8. EARLY ADULTHOOD -18-40
9. MIDDLE AGE -40-50 MA / 50-60 LA
10. OLD AGE -60 -Death
 Pre-natal
270-280 days. 10 lunar months
Basic body structure and organs form
Rapid physical growth
Vulnerability to environmental influence is great
1. Heredity endowment
2. Heredity potentials influenced strongly by envt.
3. Fixing up of sex
4. High rate of growth(1cell to 20 inches length)
5. Period of hazards
6. Attitude of significant people
 Pre-natal Hazards
Period of Zygote
 starvation,
 Lack of Uterine preparation
 implanting wrongly,
Period of Embryo
 miscarriage,
 Developmental irregularities
Period of Foetus
 miscarriage,
 Pre-maturity,
 delivery complications,
 developmental Irregularities,
 Factors influence development
– Age of mother,
– Illness and infections
– Blood RH factor
– Birth complications
– Drugs, x-rays, envtl. Hazards,
– Paternal factors-smok,alcohol, radiations , pesticide
– Maternal emotions
– Diet and physical condition of the mother
– Hormones
 Infancy- neonate.
 Extreme helplessness
 Shortest period
 Radical adjustment
 Loss of weight
 Disorganized behaviour
 High mortality
 Physical devt.
 Increase height& weight, muscles
 Bones and skeleton transformed
 Brain cells grows
 Breast