Phonological Development Malay Eng

THE PHONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF MALAYSIAN ENGLISH
SPEAKING CHINESE CHILDREN:
A NORMATIVE STUDY

Phoon Hooi San
Bachelor of Speech Sciences (Hons)

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

University of Canterbury
Te Whare Wānaga o Waitaha
Christchurch, New Zealand
May, 2010

i

The material presented in this thesis is the original work of the candidate except as acknowledged in the text, and has not been previously submitted, either in part or in whole, for a degree at this or any other University.

Phoon Hooi San

ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would not have been able to complete my PhD journey without the aid and support of countless people over the past three years. Foremost, I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to my supervisor, Associate Professor Dr. Margaret Maclagan for her patient guidance, encouragement and excellent advice throughout this study. I could not have imagined having a better supervisor and mentor for my PhD study. I also would like to express my sincere gratitude to my co-supervisor, Professor Dr. Michael Robb, for his immense knowledge, support and guidance.
I would like to express my gratitude to the University of Canterbury
International Doctoral Scholarship for financing my study. I acknowledge my gratitude to Dr. Chew Theam Yong, Dr. Emily Lin and Angie Yeoh for their valuable assistances in my data programming, statistical analyses and artwork respectively. I am thankful to several research assistants for their generous assistance in preparing the data for analysis. I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions for the published papers resulting from my thesis.
This research project would not have been possible without the participants’ involvement. I wish to express my gratitude to Malaysian speech-language pathologists,
Malaysian students at the University of Canterbury, preschool and school children in
Penang as well as their parents for

References: Adler, S. (1993). Multicultural communication skills in the classroom. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Alisjahbana, T. S. (1957). Dari Perjuangan dan Pertumbuhan Bahasa Indonesia. Allen, G. D., & Hawkins, S. (1980). Phonological rhythm: Definition and development. Amran, H. (1984). Intonasi dalam hubungannya dengan sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia. Penerbit Djambatan, Jakarta. (PhD dissertayion, University of Michigan, 1967). Arlt, P. B., & Goodban, M. T. (1976). A Comparative Study of articulation Acquisition as Based on a Study of 240 Normals, Aged Three to Six Armstrong, S., & Ainley, M. (1988). South Tyneside Assessment of Phonology (STAP). ASHA (1983). Social dialect position paper. American Speech-language and Hearing Association ASHA (1995). American Speech-language and Hearing Association. ASHA (2003). American Speech-language and Hearing Association. ASHA (2008). American Speech-language and Hearing Association. Asmah, H. O. (1977). The Phonological Diversity of the Malay Dialects. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Asmah, H. O. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Languages & Literature. Kuala Lumpur: Editions Didier Millet. Augustin, J. (1982). Regional Standards of English in Peninsular Malaysia. In J. Pride (Ed.), New Englishes (pp Austin, D., & Shriberg, L. (1997). Lifespan reference data for ten measures of articulation competence using the Speech Disorders Classification System Awang Sariyan (2004). Teras pendidikan Bahasa Melayu: Asas pegangan guru. Bankson, N. W., & Bernthal, J. E. (1990). Bankson-Bernthal Test of Phonology. Austin, Texas: Pro-ed. Bankson, N. W., & Bernthal, J. E. (1996). Phonological Assessment Procedures Articulation and Phonological Disorders (fourth ed., pp Bao, Z. M. (1998). The Sounds of Singapore English. In J. A. Foley et al. (Eds.), English in New Cultural Contexts: Reflections from Singapore (pp Baskaran, L. (1994). The Malaysian English Mosaic. English Today 37, 10(1), 27-32. Baskaran, L. (2004). Malaysian English: Phonology. In B. Kortmann & E. W. Bauer, L., & Warren, P. (2004). New Zealand English: phonology. In E. Schneider, B. Bautista, M. L. S., & Gonzalez, A. B. (2006). Southeast Asian Englishes. In B. B. Bickerton, D. (1976). Dynamics of a Creole System. Language, 52(4), 992-997. Bland-Stewart, L. M. (2003). Phonetic Inventories and Phonological Patterns of African American Two-Year-Olds: A Preliminary Investigation Bleile, K. M. (1989). A note on vowel patterns in two normally developing children. Bolton, K. (2008). English in Asia, Asian Englishes, and the Issue of Proficiency. Boudahmane, K., Manta, M., Antoine, F., Galliano, S., & Barras, C. (1998). Bowling, A. (1997). Research Methods in Health. Buckingham: Open University Press. Singapore. In J. Foley (Ed.), New Englishes: the Case of Singapore (pp. 115128). Singapore: Singapore University Press. Brown, A. (1988b). Vowel differences between Received Pronunciation and the English of Malaysia and Singapore: Which ones really matter? In J Burt, L., Holm, A., & Dodd, B. (1999). Phonological awareness skills of 4-year-old British children: An assessment and developmental data Butcher, A. (1989). The Use and Abuses of Phonological Assessment. . Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 5, 262-276. Chen, P. (1999). Modern Chinese: History and Sociolinguistics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chirlian, N. S., & Sharpley, C. F. (1982). Children 's Articulation Development: Some regional Differences Chen, P. (1999). Modern Chinese: History and Sociolinguistics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Cheng, C. C. (1973). A Synchronic Phonology of Mandarin Chinese. Paris: Mouton & Co Chin, T. (2006). Sound Systems of Mandarin Chinese and English: A Comparison. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (2nd ed.). Cole, P., & Taylor, O. (1990). Performance of working class African-American children on three tests of ariculation