Pharmacology
EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EXTRACT EFFECT OF Argemone mexicana ON ALBINO RATS
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Inflammation:
Inflammation could be defined as the complex biological response of vascular tissue to harmful stimuli such as pathogen, damaged cells or irritants. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue. This is achieved by diluting, destroying or otherwise neutralizing harmful agents (e.g. microbes or toxins) with the subsequent activation of events that lead to eventual healing and reconstitution at site of injury. (Mitchell and Cotran 2004). In the absence of inflammation, wounds and infections would never heal and progressive destruction of tissue would compromise the survival of the organism. Inflammation may become aberrant and harmful like other vital process (Ringler 1997). The cardinal signs of inflammation as stated by cells (30BC-38AD) are rubor et tumour cum palore et docore which when translated means redness and swelling with heat and pain. Function laesa(loss of function) was added by Virchow (1985) as the fifth cardinal sign of inflammatory.
Redness arise due to great increase blood flow to the inflamed part while the swelling is as a result of increased flow of blood as well as additional presence of substance that have exuded from the blood vessel into the surrounding tissue (exudates). The heat arises from the increased flow of blood carrying warmth to the periphery from higher Interior temperature of the body. The pain results from increased pressure upon nerve endings and irritating effects of the toxic products of injurious agents, loss of function is due to the pain initiated reflex inhibition of muscle movement, mechanical swelling and tissue destruction ( Ihedioha 2003).
INFLAMMATORY AND MEDIATORS
1.1.1 Chemical mediators of inflammation
Mediators originate either from plasma or from cells. Plasma derived mediators (e.g)
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Inflammation:
Inflammation could be defined as the complex biological response of vascular tissue to harmful stimuli such as pathogen, damaged cells or irritants. It is a protective attempt by the organism to remove injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue. This is achieved by diluting, destroying or otherwise neutralizing harmful agents (e.g. microbes or toxins) with the subsequent activation of events that lead to eventual healing and reconstitution at site of injury. (Mitchell and Cotran 2004). In the absence of inflammation, wounds and infections would never heal and progressive destruction of tissue would compromise the survival of the organism. Inflammation may become aberrant and harmful like other vital process (Ringler 1997). The cardinal signs of inflammation as stated by cells (30BC-38AD) are rubor et tumour cum palore et docore which when translated means redness and swelling with heat and pain. Function laesa(loss of function) was added by Virchow (1985) as the fifth cardinal sign of inflammatory.
Redness arise due to great increase blood flow to the inflamed part while the swelling is as a result of increased flow of blood as well as additional presence of substance that have exuded from the blood vessel into the surrounding tissue (exudates). The heat arises from the increased flow of blood carrying warmth to the periphery from higher Interior temperature of the body. The pain results from increased pressure upon nerve endings and irritating effects of the toxic products of injurious agents, loss of function is due to the pain initiated reflex inhibition of muscle movement, mechanical swelling and tissue destruction ( Ihedioha 2003).
INFLAMMATORY AND MEDIATORS
1.1.1 Chemical mediators of inflammation
Mediators originate either from plasma or from cells. Plasma derived mediators (e.g)