Pharmaceuticals
Methods and Materials involved
A tablet is a mixture of active substances and excipients usually in powder form, pressed or compacted into a solid. The excipients include binders, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants to ensure efficient tabletting; disintegrants to ensure that the tablet breaks up in the digestive tract; sweeteners or flavours to mask the taste of bad-tasting active ingredients; and pigments to make uncoated tablets visually attractive. A polymer coating is usually applied to hide the taste of the tablet's components, to make the tablet smoother and easier to swallow, and to make it more resistant to the environment, extending its shelf life.
The whole manufacturing process deals with the following steps:-
1. Lab testing of pharmaceutical ingredients 2. Manufacturing of tablets (Granulation and Compression) 3. Coating of Tablets 4. Lab testing of tablets 5. Packaging and Sealing
Lab Testing of Raw-Materials (pharmaceutical ingredients)
The tests and assays described are the official methods upon which the standards of Pharmacopoeia are based. Alternative methods of analysis may be used for control purposes, provided that the methods used are shown to give results of equivalent accuracy & enable an unequivocal decision to be made as to whether compliance with the standards of monograph would be achieved if the official methods were used.
The first step deals with the testing of pharmaceutical ingredients. It includes the test for the identification of raw material of pharmaceutical drugs.
Aspirin
Solubility- freely soluble in ethanol(95%); soluble in chlo & in ether; slightly soluble in water.
STANDARDS:- Aspirin contains not less than 93% and not more than 105% of labelled amount of C9H8O4 .
Identification- TEST A may be omitted if tests B,C & D are carried out. TEST C & D may be omitted if TEST A & B are carried
A tablet is a mixture of active substances and excipients usually in powder form, pressed or compacted into a solid. The excipients include binders, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants to ensure efficient tabletting; disintegrants to ensure that the tablet breaks up in the digestive tract; sweeteners or flavours to mask the taste of bad-tasting active ingredients; and pigments to make uncoated tablets visually attractive. A polymer coating is usually applied to hide the taste of the tablet's components, to make the tablet smoother and easier to swallow, and to make it more resistant to the environment, extending its shelf life.
The whole manufacturing process deals with the following steps:-
1. Lab testing of pharmaceutical ingredients 2. Manufacturing of tablets (Granulation and Compression) 3. Coating of Tablets 4. Lab testing of tablets 5. Packaging and Sealing
Lab Testing of Raw-Materials (pharmaceutical ingredients)
The tests and assays described are the official methods upon which the standards of Pharmacopoeia are based. Alternative methods of analysis may be used for control purposes, provided that the methods used are shown to give results of equivalent accuracy & enable an unequivocal decision to be made as to whether compliance with the standards of monograph would be achieved if the official methods were used.
The first step deals with the testing of pharmaceutical ingredients. It includes the test for the identification of raw material of pharmaceutical drugs.
Aspirin
Solubility- freely soluble in ethanol(95%); soluble in chlo & in ether; slightly soluble in water.
STANDARDS:- Aspirin contains not less than 93% and not more than 105% of labelled amount of C9H8O4 .
Identification- TEST A may be omitted if tests B,C & D are carried out. TEST C & D may be omitted if TEST A & B are carried