Howes, Williams, Ibrahim, Leung, Egerton, McGuire, Turkheimer (2013) found which structures within the brain had a role in schizophrenia, while also inspecting the dopamine as a factor in relation the symptomatic behavior produced. The first part of the study was conducted on 12 schizophrenia patients who were deceased, involved samples from their substantia nigrae (structure in the brain involved in movement) in order to analyze the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase which is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of dopamine (Howes, et al., 2013). Along with the schizophrenic patients, there was a control group as well as a group with major depressive disorder, which was used to gauge whether the results pertained only to schizophrenia. The second part of the study was conducted on 29 diagnosed schizophrenics - 13 patients who had not taken antipsychotics for at least 3 months, 5 drug-free patients, and 16 patients who were being treated with antipsychotics; as well as a healthy control group (Howes, et al., 2013). The patients and control group underwent PET (positron emission tomography scanning) to look at the way dopamine functioned within the substantia nigrae, in order to relate it to the patient's symptomatic behavior. Resulting from the PET scans showed…