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Observational Studies

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Observational Studies
Observational studies relate constipation to longer hospital stays, (Masri, Baker, & Ahmed, 2010) increased mortality, (Gacouin et al., 2010) intolerance to enteral nutrition, (Lopez-Herce, 2009) abdominal distension, failure to wean from mechanical ventilation, (Nassar et al., 2009) obstruction and intestinal perforation, ((McPeake, Gilmour, & MacIntosh, 2011) and aspiration pneumonia. (Chappell, Rehm, & Conzen, 2008)
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