Nirma
A Project Report on Deterjent & Satisfaction Survey of Nirma Ltd.
HISTORY OF DETERGENT-
The earliest detergent substance was undoubtedly water; after that, oils, abrasives such as wet sand, and wet clay. The oldest known detergent for wool-washing is stale (putrescent) urine. For the history of soap, see the entry thereon. Other detergent surfactants came from saponinsand ox bile.
The detergent effects of certain synthetic surfactants were noted in 1913 by A. Reychler, a Belgian chemist. The first commercially available detergent taking advantage of those observations was Nekal, sold in Germany in 1917, to alleviate World War I soap shortages. Detergents were mainly used in industry until World War II. By then new developments and the later conversion of USA aviation fuel plants to producetetrapropylene, used in household detergents, caused a fast growth of household use, in the late 1940s. In the late 1960s biological detergents, containing enzymes, better suited to dissolve protein stains, such as egg stains, were introduced in the USA by Procter & Gamble.
RURAL INDIA
THERE 'S an interesting way of putting rural India into perspective. If India 's population, as per the 1998 estimates of the United Nations Population Division, is 982,223,000, then rural India, taken as 73.3% of India, is 719,969,459. Divide that by the estimated total world population of 5.9 billion, and rural India becomes 12.2% of world population. Forget all of us sitting in the cities (4.4% more) -- 12.2% of the world lives in rural India. Which, given our effective lack of knowledge makes it a bit like one of the world 's last great undiscovered countries. Rural inhabitants aren 't a different species, but consumers as quirky and demanding of marketers as any of their urban cousins. And just as eager to consume -- maybe even more so, given their access to messages of consumption via TV, but lacking the easy access that makes urban consumer’s blasé. For marketers
HISTORY OF DETERGENT-
The earliest detergent substance was undoubtedly water; after that, oils, abrasives such as wet sand, and wet clay. The oldest known detergent for wool-washing is stale (putrescent) urine. For the history of soap, see the entry thereon. Other detergent surfactants came from saponinsand ox bile.
The detergent effects of certain synthetic surfactants were noted in 1913 by A. Reychler, a Belgian chemist. The first commercially available detergent taking advantage of those observations was Nekal, sold in Germany in 1917, to alleviate World War I soap shortages. Detergents were mainly used in industry until World War II. By then new developments and the later conversion of USA aviation fuel plants to producetetrapropylene, used in household detergents, caused a fast growth of household use, in the late 1940s. In the late 1960s biological detergents, containing enzymes, better suited to dissolve protein stains, such as egg stains, were introduced in the USA by Procter & Gamble.
RURAL INDIA
THERE 'S an interesting way of putting rural India into perspective. If India 's population, as per the 1998 estimates of the United Nations Population Division, is 982,223,000, then rural India, taken as 73.3% of India, is 719,969,459. Divide that by the estimated total world population of 5.9 billion, and rural India becomes 12.2% of world population. Forget all of us sitting in the cities (4.4% more) -- 12.2% of the world lives in rural India. Which, given our effective lack of knowledge makes it a bit like one of the world 's last great undiscovered countries. Rural inhabitants aren 't a different species, but consumers as quirky and demanding of marketers as any of their urban cousins. And just as eager to consume -- maybe even more so, given their access to messages of consumption via TV, but lacking the easy access that makes urban consumer’s blasé. For marketers
Bibliography: www.google.com www.nirma.com Magazines(india today) Marketing Management by Philip Kotler Kothari. C. R, Research Methodology, New Age International(P) Ltd., New Delhi