Nationalism and Transnationalism in the Context of the European Union

Nationalism and Transnationalism
In the context of the European Union

(…) History says, ‘Don 't hope
On this side of the grave.’
But then, once in a lifetime
The longed-for tidal wave
Of justice can rise up,
And hope and history rhyme. So hope for a great sea-change On the far side of revenge. Believe that a further shore Is reachable from here. Believe in miracles And cures and healing wells.... If there 's fire on the mountain Or lightning and storm And a god speaks from the sky That means someone is hearing The outcry and the birth-cry Of new life at its term (...) The Cure at Troy Seamus Heaney, 1996

Table of Contents:

Introduction 3
Structure and Methods 6
1. Nationalism: Definitions, Concepts and Theories 8 1.1. Defining "Nation" 9 1.2. Concepts and Theories of Nationalism 13
2. The New Europe: Nationalism reframed? 22 2.1. History and Ideology 23 2.2. The Emerge of the European Union 32
3. European Nationalism: Transnational Integration 36 3.1. International Relations perspectives 36 3.2. Nationalism and Transnationalism 40
4. The future of Europe: National debates 46 4.1. The EU: State of Nations or Nation-State? 47 4.2. The European Union and its Citizens 61 4.3. Constitution for the European Union? 67
Conclusions 72
Bibliography 76
APPENDIX 82

Introduction

The twentieth century bears tragic scars left by the First and Second World Wars. Fifty million soldiers and civilians lost their lives in conflicts that left Europe in ruins.[1] In 1945 Europe faced the task to rebuild the European countries

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