National Moment
UNIT 1 LEGACY OF NATIONAL MOVEMENT WITH REFERENCE TO DEVELOPMENT, RIGHTS AND PARTICIPATION
Structure 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Foundation of the Indian National Congress 1.3 Gandhi’s Contribution
1.3.1 Gandhi’s “Substance of Swaraj”
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10
The Karachi Resolution of the Congress The Idea of Socialism
1.5.1 The Idea of Planning
The Nature of Gandhian Economics The Gandhian Social Philosophy The Consensus Summary Exercises
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The developmental aspirations of the people of India unfolded themselves through the various stages of the freedom movement. The violent resistance of the Indian people to the British rule in 1857 and the subsequent tribal upsurges were defensive movements against foreign rule. They were almost totally political. But the peasant struggles that occurred since the late nineteenth century had a clear economic perspective. They were against the oppressive land revenue system that came along with foreign rule even though the peasants were not always aware of the colonial mechanism and they often turned their wrath on the intermediate landowners like the zamindars and mouzadars. After the consolidation of the British rule in 1858, new organisations and movements of the people came to the fore choosing ‘constitutionalist’ strategies. Landlords formed their own organisations to demand reduction of Government revenue claims. Simultaneously nationalist leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, M.G. Ranade and R.C. Dutt started critiquing the colonial economic exploitation. They argued that the main reason of poverty in India was the colonial exploitation. The end of colonial rule was necessary for the alleviation poverty in India.
1.2 FOUNDATION OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
In 1885 the educated elite formed the Indian National Congress as an umbrella organisation of all sections of the Indian people beginning with the demand for adequate representation of the Indians in the senior Government services and the
Structure 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Foundation of the Indian National Congress 1.3 Gandhi’s Contribution
1.3.1 Gandhi’s “Substance of Swaraj”
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10
The Karachi Resolution of the Congress The Idea of Socialism
1.5.1 The Idea of Planning
The Nature of Gandhian Economics The Gandhian Social Philosophy The Consensus Summary Exercises
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The developmental aspirations of the people of India unfolded themselves through the various stages of the freedom movement. The violent resistance of the Indian people to the British rule in 1857 and the subsequent tribal upsurges were defensive movements against foreign rule. They were almost totally political. But the peasant struggles that occurred since the late nineteenth century had a clear economic perspective. They were against the oppressive land revenue system that came along with foreign rule even though the peasants were not always aware of the colonial mechanism and they often turned their wrath on the intermediate landowners like the zamindars and mouzadars. After the consolidation of the British rule in 1858, new organisations and movements of the people came to the fore choosing ‘constitutionalist’ strategies. Landlords formed their own organisations to demand reduction of Government revenue claims. Simultaneously nationalist leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, M.G. Ranade and R.C. Dutt started critiquing the colonial economic exploitation. They argued that the main reason of poverty in India was the colonial exploitation. The end of colonial rule was necessary for the alleviation poverty in India.
1.2 FOUNDATION OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
In 1885 the educated elite formed the Indian National Congress as an umbrella organisation of all sections of the Indian people beginning with the demand for adequate representation of the Indians in the senior Government services and the