Mango Leaves Analysis

Allelopathic activity of the aqueous methanol extracts of Mangifera indica L. leaves
The aqueous methanol extracts obtained from mango leaves inhibited seed germination of radish and sand fescue, and inhibited seedling growth of root and shoot growth of radish, rapeseed, sand fescue and crabgrass (Figure 1 and 2). The extract obtained from 0.03 g dry weight of mango leaves inhibited 20 and 50 % germination of radish and sand fescue respectively, on day 4 (Figure 2). The extract obtained from 0.03 g dry weight of mango leaves inhibited the root growth of radish, rapeseed, sand fescue and crabgrass by 9.03, 6.21, 4.65 and 10.14 % of control root growth, respectively, and inhibited shoot growth of radish, rapeseed, sand fescue and crabgrass by
The ranges of I50 values of root and shoot of all test species were 0.003-0.062 and 0.003-0.007 g dry weight equivalent extract/mL, respectively (Table 1). The results show that the roots of sand fescue and crabgrass were the most sensitive whereas the shoot of rapeseed was the least sensitive (Table 1). The inhibitory activity was test species and concentration dependent and root was the most sensitive to aqueous methanol extracts of mango leaves (Figure 3). These results suggest that mango leaves have allelopathic potential and may possess allelopathically active substances. These findings are consistent to our preliminary studies (Khan et al. 2013) that mango leaf extracts were reported to have
The extract of 3000 M MG showed 60 and 50 % germination of radish and sand fescue respectively, on the day 4, compared with control (Figure 7). MG inhibited shoot and root growth of radish at the concentration greater than 1 M (Figure 8), and inhibited shoot and root growth of sand fescue at the concentrations greater than 10 and 1M, respectively (Figure 8 ). The inhibitory activity was increased with increasing the concentration of MG (Figure 9). Considering the I50 values of the shoot and root growth of radish were 10.69 and 4.74 M, respectively and the shoot and root growth of sand fescue were 626.12 and 254.46 M, respectively (Table 2). Therefore, MG may have potential as either herbicide or a template of new groups of herbicides. These results are consistent with other findings that natural compounds may have possibility to use as herbicides (Dayan et al. 2000; Duke et al. 2002; Cantrell et al. 2012; Dayan et al. 2012; Dayan and Duke 2014), and are more environmentally friendly than many of currently used synthetic herbicides (Hoagland and Cutler 2000; Duke et al. 2010; Dayan and Duke