Importance of Motivation in Rention

Executive Summary
Employees are the most important factor in the success and failure of any organization. In service industry, employees are in direct contact with the customer, hence they should be motivated. Firstly, this paper focuses on importance of employee motivation on Staff retention, by studying the concepts of staff retention, employee turnover and employee motivation. Further discussing about the major motivational theories, followed by the factors which help to increase motivation and backed up with some latest examples. Secondly, it takes a case study of Heathrow Windsor Marriott, a leading 4 star Airport Hotel, it reflects my observations about the good and bad practises followed by the management of hotel. And at the end, this paper tries to give some recommendations for future practice.

1. Introduction
Managing Human Resource has become an inescapable and prominent approach to the management in service industries (Watson 2003).In simple terms, Human means labour/employee, Resource points out employees are valued assets and Management refers to managing personnel of an organization. The objective of Human resources is short term and it mainly focuses on employee relations. However, due to globalization, this approach was fruitless, hence its focus adopted the aspect of strategy. Strategic Human Resource Management means combing Human resources with strategic goals and objectives to improve and develop organization (Regis 2008). According to Banfield and Kay (2012), Human resource management is the 'glue' which ensures business success through consistent practises and adapting local conditions.
In an organization, employees are the primal force, whose never ending efforts converts the organization's decision into action with the aim of achieving common goal. Hence, employees should be motivated (Hossain and Hossain 2012). The fast changing competitive business environment has presented challenges

References: Abassi, S. M., and Hollman, K.W., 2000. Turnover: The Real Bottom Line. Public Personnel Management, 2 (3), 233-342. Armstrong, M., 2007. A Handbook of Employee Reward Management and Practice. 2Nd ed. London: Kogan Page. Banfield, P., and Kay, R., 2012. Introduction to Human Resource Management. 2Nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Cetinkaya, A. S., 2011. The Impact of Employee Motivation on Emotional Commitment: Research Undertaken in a Five Star Hotel. Journal of Transformational Management. 16, 149-156. Available from: 10.1080/15475778.2011.596756. [Accessed 14 April 2013]. Claydon, T. and Beardwell, J., 2007. Human Resource Management, A contemporary Approach, 5th ed. England: Pearson Education Limited. Condly, S. J., and DiPietro, R. B., 2007. Employee Turnover in the Hospitality Industry: An Analysis Based on the CANE Model of Motivation. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 6 (1), 1-22. Fudge, R. S., and Schlacter, J. L., 1999. Motivating Employees to Act Ethically: An Expectancy Theory Approach. Journal of Business Ethics, 18, 295-304. Gopalakrishnan, G., 2012 Hackman, J. R., and Oldham, G. R., 1975. Development of Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied psychology. 60, 159-170. Hellreigel, D., and Slocum, J. W., 2004. Achieving Motivation in the Workplace. Organizational Behaviour, 10 ed. Mason, OH: Thompson South-Western. Herzberg, F., 1968. One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?. Harvard Business Review, 46 (1), 53-62. Hiltrop, J. M., 1996. Managing the changing psychological contract. Employee Relations. 18 (1), 36-49. Holbeche, L., 1998. Motivating People on Lean Organizations. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Hossain, M.K., and Hossain, A., 2012. Factors affecting employee 's motivation in the Fast Food Industry: The Case of KFC UK LTD. Research Journals, 5, 21-30. Available from: www.researchjournals.co.uk [Accessed 15 March 2013]. Huczynski, A., and Buchanan, D., 2001. Organizational Behaviour: An Introductory Text, 4th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Janson, R., Hackman, J. R., Oldham, G., and Purdy, K., 1975. A New Strategy for Job Enrichment. California Management Review. 17 (4), 57-71. Jofreh, M., Mahdavi, F Kamalian, A. R., Yaghoubi, N. M., and Moloudi, J., 2010. Survey of Relationship between Organizational Justice and Empowerment (Case Study). European Journal of Economics, Finance, and Adminstrative Sciences, 24, 165-171. Khan, M. I., 2012. The Impact of Training and Motivation on Performance of Employees. Business Review. 7 (2), 84-95. Kim, D., 2006. Employee Motivation: 'Just Ask Your Employees '. Seoul Journal of Business, 12 (1), 19-35. Kressler, H., 2003. Motivation and Reward: Performance Appraisal and Incentive System for Business Success. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Kumar, D. P., and Sandhya, K., 2011. Employee Retention by Motivation. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 4 (12), 1778-1782. Lai, C. (2009), Motivating Employees through Incentive programmes. Finland: Jyvaskyla University. Available from: https://publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/17561/jamk_1237444488_5.pdfsequence=2 [Accessed on 7 April 2013]. Latham, G., 2007. Work Motivation: History, Theory, Research and Practice. California: Sage Publications. Lawler 111, E. E., 1976. Job Design and Employee Motivation. In: Gruneberg, M. M.,. Job Satisfaction. London: The Macmillan Press, 90-98. Lazarus, R. S., 1971. Personality. New York: McGraw-Hill. Management Study Guide, 2013. Employee Retention. New Delhi: Management Study Guide. Available from: http://www.managementstudyguide.com/employee-retention.htm [Accessed 18 March 2013]. Management Study Guide, 2013. Expectancy Theory of Motivation. New Delhi: Management Study Guide. Available from: http://www.managementstudyguide.com/expectancy-theory-motivation.htm [Accessed 21 March 2013]. Manzoor, Q., 2012. Impact of Employee Motivation on Organizational Effectiveness. Business Management Study, 3 (1), 1-12. Available from: www.macrothink.org/bms [Acccessed 3 March 2013]. McLeod, S., 2012. Maslow 's Hierarchy of Needs. London: Simply Psychology. Available from: http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html#sthash.RhtQotBT.dpbs [Accessed 12 April 2013]. Mullins, J., 2007. Management and Organizational Behaviour. New Jersey: FT Prentice Hall. Nohria, N., Groysberg, B., and Lee, L., 2008. Employee Motivation, A Powerful New Model. Harvard Business Review, July-August, 1-7. Nwokocha, I., and Iheriohanma, E Perry, G., 2009. Introduction to Employee Motivation. Employee Motivation Theories and Types. 23 August 2009. Available from: http://motivationtypes.blogspot.co.uk/ [Accessed 20 April 2013]. Ramlall, S., 2004. A Review of Employee Motivation Theories and their Implications for Employee Retention within Organizations. The Journal of American Academy of Business, September, 52-63. Regis, R., 2008. Strategic Human Resource Management and Development. New Delhi: Excel Books. Riley, J., 2012. Motivation Theory – Maslow. Yorkshire: Tutor2U. Available from: http://www.tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theory_maslow.asp [Accessed 12 April 2013]. Rollinson, D., 2008. Organisational Behaviour and Analysis, An Integrated Approach. 4Th ed. England: Pearson Education Limited. Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L., 2000. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67. Available from: http://mmrg.pbworks.com/f/Ryan,+Deci+00.pdf [Accessed 15 April 2013]. Sanders, M. S., and Pritchard, R. D., 1973. The Influence of Valence, Instrumentality and Expectancy on Effort and Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology.. 57, 55-60. Susan, M. H., 2011. Top ten ways to retain your great employee. London: About.com Human Resources. Available from: http://www.humanresource.about.com [Accessed 1 March 2013]. Taris, R., Krausz, M., Feji, J.A., Van. Vianen, and A.E.M., 2004. Personality Factors and Audit Attachment Affecting Job Employability. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11, 243-364. Taylor, M. S., and Walsh, K., 2005. Retaining Management Talent : What Hospitality professionals want from their jobs [Electronic version]. The Centre of Hospitality Research Reports, 5 (1). Vacharis, A., Maroudas, L., and Kyriakidou, O., 2008. Employee Motivation in the Luxury Hotel Industry: The Perceived effectiveness of Human-Resource Practices. Managing Lesisure. 13, 258-271. Virgil, M, C., Aurel, M., Viorel, L., and Stefania, P. R., 2008. Employee Motivation Theories Developed at an International Level. Oradea: Econoic Science Series. Watson, S., Maxwell, G. A., and Green, N., 2002. Human Resource Management: International Perspectives in Hospitality and Tourism. London: Continuum. Watson, T. J., 2002. A Business and its Beliefs: The Ideas That Helped Build IBM. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.