Hodgetts4 S08
Meaning and Dimensions of
Culture
Chapter 4
Chapter Outline
The nature of culture
The nature of culture
Values and folkways
Comparing cultural values
Sub-cultures and cultural change
How culture affects management – see page
95
How cultures view each other
Chapter Outline (2)
Cultural dimensions – how people look at life
Hofstede's dimensions
Country clusters – countries with similar cultural dimensions
Trompenaar's dimensions
The Nature of Culture
Culture is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior
Cultural knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behavior Not everyone in a culture has exactly the same values.
The Nature of Culture (2)
Characteristics of culture include:
Learned
Shared
Transgenerational
Symbolic
Patterned
Adaptive
See page 94 for definitions.
Values and Folkways
Culture sets norms (expectations) for behavior
Values are cultural beliefs about right and wrong. Values have moral significance and are often included in law.
Folkways are customary ways of behaving, with little or no moral significance.
Examples: wedding customs, what to wear to a funeral
Table 4-1: Cultural Values
United
States
1. Freedom
2. Independence
3. Self-reliance
4. Equality
5. Individualism
6. Competition
7. Efficiency
8. Time
9. Directness
10.Openness
Japan
1. Belonging
2. Group harmony 3. Collectivenes s 4. Age/seniority
5. Group consensus 6. Cooperation
7. Quality
8. Patience
9. Indirectness
10. Go-between
Arab
1.Countries
Family security 2. Family harmony 3. Parental guidance 4. Age
5. Authority
6. Compromise
7. Devotion
8. Patience
9. Indirectness
10. Hospitality
Sub-cultures and Cultural
Change
Groups within a culture may form a sub-culture that varies in some ways from the national culture.
Cultures can change gradually over time. People who have worked outside their own country or have friends from other cultures may
Culture
Chapter 4
Chapter Outline
The nature of culture
The nature of culture
Values and folkways
Comparing cultural values
Sub-cultures and cultural change
How culture affects management – see page
95
How cultures view each other
Chapter Outline (2)
Cultural dimensions – how people look at life
Hofstede's dimensions
Country clusters – countries with similar cultural dimensions
Trompenaar's dimensions
The Nature of Culture
Culture is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior
Cultural knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behavior Not everyone in a culture has exactly the same values.
The Nature of Culture (2)
Characteristics of culture include:
Learned
Shared
Transgenerational
Symbolic
Patterned
Adaptive
See page 94 for definitions.
Values and Folkways
Culture sets norms (expectations) for behavior
Values are cultural beliefs about right and wrong. Values have moral significance and are often included in law.
Folkways are customary ways of behaving, with little or no moral significance.
Examples: wedding customs, what to wear to a funeral
Table 4-1: Cultural Values
United
States
1. Freedom
2. Independence
3. Self-reliance
4. Equality
5. Individualism
6. Competition
7. Efficiency
8. Time
9. Directness
10.Openness
Japan
1. Belonging
2. Group harmony 3. Collectivenes s 4. Age/seniority
5. Group consensus 6. Cooperation
7. Quality
8. Patience
9. Indirectness
10. Go-between
Arab
1.Countries
Family security 2. Family harmony 3. Parental guidance 4. Age
5. Authority
6. Compromise
7. Devotion
8. Patience
9. Indirectness
10. Hospitality
Sub-cultures and Cultural
Change
Groups within a culture may form a sub-culture that varies in some ways from the national culture.
Cultures can change gradually over time. People who have worked outside their own country or have friends from other cultures may