Preview

History of Architecture from Ancient world

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1767 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
History of Architecture from Ancient world
Discus the early development of urban architecture in the ancient Near East, with specific reference to one or two cities in the ‘Fertile Crescent.’

The history of civilization has been one of the most significant fields of study for a very long time. After the agriculture revolution the number of population grow rapidly, civilizations were formed and cities were being built to accommodate the growing populations of the ancient civilization.
Architecture has always been a vital part of the civilizations throughout the history of mankind. As Nations become powerful and prosperous their Architecture becomes more dominant by building greater cities, public splendors and religious monuments. From the birth of civilizations until now many civilizations have appeared and disappeared from the face of the earth for various reasons. The ones that have survived and claim their existence have carried out their identity, culture and Architecture from their ancestors. Those civilizations that have vanished due to foreign invasions or other unknown reasons have left us their ancient cities and Architecture that need to be discovered. A great example that we can refer to is the Ancient Near East, where one of the earliest human civilizations were living in. It is told that the Sumerians were the first civilization that once lived in Mesopotamia which is in Ancient near east and worlds first cities also developed in here which includes Sumer (Ur) and Babylon (Wildwood & Matthews, n.d.)
In this Essay I will be focusing on the urban development and Architecture of the Ancient civilizations which includes the Sumerians and the Babylonians that were based in Mesopotamia the lands of Fertile Crescent.

The Ancient Near East which is now known as the Middle East was the birth place of the civilization,
It was here in Mesopotamia where the world’s first civilization (Sumerians) claimed their existence (Wildwood & Matthews, n.d.)
The Sumerians lived in Mesopotamia (a

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Best Essays

    Most people don’t think much about the ancient civilizations that lived all over the world where current cities and towns have been established. Some day in the future, people in a history class might be studying about the past (like they are supposed to) and learn about this time period and how the people now contributed to their present day life. Without the ancient civilizations, we would not be anywhere near as advanced as we are now. The ancient cultures left behind architecture, religions, tools, and even writings and drawings. Their customs are remembered, discovered, and guessed at by archaeologists today. Just as our cultures today have similarities and differences, the cultures of the past did too. The people of the Indus River Valley, the Minoans, and the Vikings all had some things similar between them, but more things that were different. Some of their differences and similarities include geography, lifestyle, government, religious views, trade and agriculture, and the end of their civilizations. They all also have some major influences on our civilization today.…

    • 3031 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    Historians have come up with certain criteria they believe a society must obtain in order for it to be considered a civilization. These criteria are that the society must be stratified, must contain monumental architecture, and must have a formal system of law and order. Other historians may argue that writing must be part of a society in order for it to be considered a civilization, but that is not a criterion that is certainly agreed upon. According to this definition of a civilization, I conclude that both the ancient societies of Mesopotamia and Athens can both be considered civilizations.…

    • 797 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The Hammurabi Code

    • 1232 Words
    • 5 Pages

    A civilization can be defined as “The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced”. Babylon was an important step in the development of human societies. Many of Babylon's inventions continue to influence lifeways today. Babylon developed the world’s first written legal code and caused profound changes and advancements in astronomy and math. Through Babylon’s many inventions and superior control over its people it gained power and wealth as a city, and as a result grew more advanced. Babylon can be considered a civilization that is advanced and organized because of its great progress in justice systems, social hierarchy and improvements in women’s lives living in ancient Babylon.…

    • 1232 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Victory Stele of Naramsin

    • 695 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The Neolithic revolution brought a fundamental change in the daily lives of the Mesopotamian people. This time period (2900 to 2350 BC) saw the Sumerians transform the valley between the Tigris & Euphrates into a dozen or so city-states (figure 2). These competing city-states were controlled by different rulers who honored different gods and goddesses. The art of this time period reflected reverence of gods who reside above the world of humans as depicted on the chiseled steles, lyres decorated with lapis lazuli and cylinder seals recovered from the temples of Sumer (Kleiner 18-20). This ancient civilization is known for its development of urban civilization, writing, agriculture, and farming. Their revolutionary ideas moved us from prehistory to history with the creation of wedge-shaped signs (cuneiform) that formed the basis of written language (Kleiner 18).…

    • 695 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Ritual Human Sacrifice

    • 2190 Words
    • 9 Pages

    The use of human sacrifice in different rituals has featured largely in many cultures for thousands of years. To better understand this one must first consider and define what is actually meant by the term ‘ritual’. According to The Oxford English Dictionary, ritual is described as ‘the series of actions used in a religious or other rite’. Renfrew and Bahn (1991, 408-9) indicate that ritual activity can be identified by the observation of four contributing components, such as the focusing of attention on the location, a sacred place; the presence of a possible liminal boundary between ‘this world and the next’; evidence for the worship of a deity and the participation and offerings made by individuals. The term ‘sacrifice’ as defined by The Oxford Concise Dictionary of Archaeology (Darvill, 2003, p371) as the slaughter of an animal or person or the surrendering of possessions to a deity. It goes on to say, Although seen as ceremonial in context, sacrifice may have a functional ends institutionalized in the practice itself, for example the regulation of a population and the creation of an instrument of political terror.…

    • 2190 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Sargon of Akkad

    • 1167 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Oppenheim, A. Leo, and Erica Reiner. Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1977. Print.…

    • 1167 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The ancient river civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt were a significant aspect of our world’s development from an uninhabited planet to the cultured society known today. The geographical features of their regions heavily affected how their people lived and their relationship towards other countries. Both ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt used their rivers as important sources of trade and resources. However, the ancient Mesopotamian religion and society was adapted to harsh, warring conditions whereas the ancient Egyptians believed in order and self-sufficiency.…

    • 589 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Architectural designs changed greatly since the ancient times. Most famous architectures and sculptures today originated from the Greek and Roman civilizations. Moreover, some of the inventions from those civilizations are also being used today, such as the arch, which originated from Roman architecture, and the columns, which originated from the Greek architecture. Throughout history, these architectures and inventions have become the foundations for our buildings, churches, and much more.…

    • 327 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Kramer, Samuel Noah. 1963. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. The University of Chicago Press; Chicagpo.…

    • 370 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    To answer this question, it is vital that we define the boundaries of the ancient near east. Two prominent countries, Mesopotamia and Egypt, seem to have been subjected to an appearance of ‘monumental architecture and sculpture’ at almost the same time, according to Henri Frankfort in his publication The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient (Fourth Edition 1970, p.11), with the other countries being Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, and Persia. The Mesopotamians, whose civilisation began in the Protoliterate period (3500-3000 B.C.), built out of the readily available mud-brick obtained from the alluvial plain between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, which was dried and baked in the Sun. This was used to construct ‘larger and more permanent’ structures than simple shelters (p.18). A.W. Lawrence in Greek Architecture (Fifth Edition, 1996) observes that Greek architecture was worthless until the first ‘approximate attempt at aesthetic architecture’ which was ‘a facade of burnt brick’ at Tiryns (p.3). This would seem to be the first, if not definitely direct, example of Mesopotamian, and indeed ancient near eastern influence.…

    • 2470 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Some races more inventive, moral, courageous, artistica. Savage to civilized – white,yellow, red, brown, black b. Social Darwinism – historiographyc. Justified European expansion – White Man’s Burdend. EthnocentrismE. Other approach – civilization just one form of social organization1. All societies produce cultures, though might lack food surplus/specialization2. All peoples capable – but lack resources, historical circumstances, desireV. Tigris-Euphrates CivilizationA. Precedents1. Writing2. Law codes3. City planning/architecture4. Trade institutions & moneyB. Mesopotamia – land between two rivers1. One of 3 civilizations from scratch – Central America, China, Mesopotamia2. Farming required irrigation3. Sumerians 3500 BCEa. Cuneiform – scribes b. Sumerian art – frescoes for templesc. Science – astronomy – calendar/forecasts – aided agriculture1. Charts of constellationsd. Ziggurats – first monumental architecturee. Role of geography1. Swift and unpredictable floods – religious2. Polytheism – punishment of humans through floods – Noah3. Gloomy – punishment in afterlife – hell4. Easy to invade – constant war f. City-states – king w/ divine authority1. Regulate religion2. Court system for justice3. Land worked by slaves – warfare created labor surplusg. Inventions – wheeled carts, fertilizer, silver money4. Babyloniansa. Hammurabi – first codified law1. Procedure for courts2. Property rights3. Harsh punishments5. Indo-European invasions from Northa. Adopted cultureC. Egyptian Civilization1. Benefited from trade/technology of Mesopotamia2. Geographic factorsa. Difficult to invade b. Regular flooding cycle3. Economy – government directed vs. Mesopotamia – freedom4. Pharoahs – godlike – tombs – pyramids 5. Interactions with Kush to the South6. Egyptian art – lively, cheerful, colorful – positive afterlife – surrounded by beauty7. Architecture influenced later MediterraneanD. Indian and Chinese River Valley Civilizations1. Indus River –…

    • 1121 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    From the rise of ancient Greece until the fall of the Roman Empire, great buildings were constructed according to precise rules. The Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius, who lived during first century BC, believed that builders should use mathematical principles when constructing temples. "For without symmetry and proportion no temple can have a regular plan," Vitruvius wrote in his famous treatise De Architectura. (www.historyguide/architecture.org) There is a comparison that can be made between building structures developed in the classical Greek and Ancient Roman civilizations and its majestic buildings and roads. Classical, Roman and Gothic architecture owe their structures to these civilizations and mostly all is reflected nowadays on the modern building styles.…

    • 2434 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Ekistics

    • 5927 Words
    • 24 Pages

    Description Initiated by the Greek architect Doxiades in the early fifties, the term "Ekistics" designated "the science for human settlements" which promoted a scientific method for architectural design and planning. It had an immense impact on many fields of architecture and planning worldwide, especially during the sixties. With the theoretical shifts in subsequent decades, Ekistics was displaced as obsolete and its aspirations remained unexplored, while scientific methods in architecture are often dismissed in their entirety. This thesis explores the epistemological premises of Ekistics through a critical overview of its origins and features. It discusses the limitations of the method that Ekistics promoted (which sometimes searched for formulaic solutions and a stable field of conclusions) while exposing the complexities of its inquiry -- which resist the rejection of the method's premises in their entirety. This thesis discusses in particular, the influence of Ekistics in the Middle East, and the method's contributions to architectural thinking in the region. The juxtaposition between the contributions of Ekistics on the one hand, and later architectural positions in the Middle East which entirely rejected scientific thought on the other, offers a basis to reflect on the positive contributions of scientific epistemology in general.…

    • 5927 Words
    • 24 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    [ 4 ]. Fred S. Kleiner, Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, A Global History (Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2011), pg. 24.…

    • 2269 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The earliest large-scale buildings for which evidence survives have been found in ancient Mesopotamia. The smaller dwellings only survive in traces of foundations, but the later civilisations built very sizeable structures in the forms of palaces, temples and ziggurats and took particular care to build them out of materials that last, which has ensured that very considerable parts have remained intact. Major technical achievement is evidenced by the construction of great cities such as Uruk and Ur. The Ziggurat of Ur is an outstanding building of the period, despite major reconstruction work. Another fine example is the ziggurat at Chogha Zanbil in modern Iran.…

    • 3692 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Good Essays

Related Topics