Science at Rutgers University and Cassak is a lawyer with the Office of Thrift
Supervision of the U. S. Department of Treasury. Both Heumann and Cassak reveal key information about racial profiling in three specific chapters. The first chapter contains lots of facts about the present day issue of racial profiling and how it got started. They also try to answer the question of how racial profiling went from being unknown to a huge issue in law enforcement. In its beginnings in the 1960's, 1970's and …show more content…
In the case Terry versus Ohio race was brought up as an issue of an arrest of two young, African-American men who had concealed weapons.
This is the case which has sparked the issue of racial profiling instead of just criminal profiling. The second chapter explains how successful a non-racial profile could be. The profile was named the Airport Drug Courier profile. It had some success because of 96 searches, 77 resulted in which drugs were found. In the 1980's courts came across many cases in which profiling was mentioned. Some cases had to decide if race played a factor or if fourth amendment rights were violated. A majority of the cases were thrown out if the defendant gave consent to a search. Most defendants in that case fit the Airport Drug
Courier perfectly. Even afterwards the Supreme Court wouldn't mention profiling as an accepted practice in law enforcement. The courts don't even include race as the debate outcry would be so great, they simply avoid the issue altogether. The third chapter explains how the Drug Courier profile evolved into