Fundamentals of Probability and Statistics for Engineers
TLFeBOOK
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERS
T.T. Soong State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
TLFeBOOK
TLFeBOOK
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERS
TLFeBOOK
TLFeBOOK
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERS
T.T. Soong State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
TLFeBOOK
Copyright 2004
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern G ate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone ( 44) 1243 779777
Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All R ights R eserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, D esigns and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court R oad, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. R equests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern G ate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to ( 44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other W iley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 R iver Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San F rancisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERS
T.T. Soong State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
TLFeBOOK
TLFeBOOK
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERS
TLFeBOOK
TLFeBOOK
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS FOR ENGINEERS
T.T. Soong State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
TLFeBOOK
Copyright 2004
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern G ate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone ( 44) 1243 779777
Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All R ights R eserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, D esigns and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court R oad, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. R equests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern G ate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to ( 44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other W iley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 R iver Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San F rancisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33