* Occupational fraud - use of one’s occupation for personnel enrichment through deliberate misuse or misapplication of the employing org’s resources or assets. Categories: Asset misappropriation (steal asset), f.s fraud (manipulate f.s), Corruption scheme (misuse connections). * Employee embezzlement-can be: direct (e.g: asset misappropriation, making dummy company and making employer pay for goods not actually delivered) (from perpetrator to employer); or indirect (corruption, taking bribes from outside) (3rd party involved) * Management fraud- aka financial statement fraud; involves top management’s deceptive manipulation of f.s.; more inclusive * Investment scam-consumer fraud: Ponzi scheme, telemarketing, identity theft, money scam, advance fee scam, letter of credit fraud, etc. * Vendor fraud-overcharge, send inferior goods, charge for goods not shipped; * Customer fraud-not pay, shoplift; * Miscellaneous-other
* Prosecution: show that perpetrator acted with intent. Criminal-deals with offenses of a public nature/ against society as a whole. Prosecuted under a violated statute. Jail-time or pay fines. Burden of proof: beyond reasonable doubt. Purpose is to right a wrong. Jury must have 12 people. Initiation is determined by grand jury . Verdict is unanimous. Criminal if it involved: bribery, giving/receiving of anything of value by a subcontractor to a prime contractor