Questions and Answers: Criminal Justice
Ms. Brooks
03/10/2012
UNIT 5 Essays
Differentiate between fraud and abuse. Define fraud and abuse, identify at least three elements of each, and contrast the differences between them. Cite illustrative examples of the differences.
Fraud is any and all means a person uses to gain an unfair advantage over another person. In most cases, to be considered fraudulent, an act must involve: – A false statement (oral or in writing) – About a material fact – Knowledge that the statement was false when it was uttered (which implies an intent to deceive) – A victim relies on the statement – And suffers injury or loss as a result Abuse is to wrongly or improperly; misuse. - abuse alcohol - abuse privilege - abuse drugs - abuse authority
Compare and contrast Sutherland’s theory of differential association with Cressey’s final hypothesis. What does Cressey mean by "non-shareable"?
Cressey however, took his own studies in a different direction from Sutherland’s research. He was intrigued by embezzlers, whom he called “trust violators”. He was especially interested in the circumstances that led them to be overcome by temptation. Upon completion of his research, he developed what still remains as the classic model for the occupational offender. His research was published in "Other People’s Money: As Study in the Social Psychology of Embezzlement.”
Non-shareable is a issue of concern which the individual directed affected believe that he cannot share with another person due to shame or guilt.
Describe at least four proactive audit tests that could help detect a shell company scheme.
• Maintain and regularly update an approved vendor list
• Independently verify all vendors before payment
• Identifying shell company invoices
– Lack of detail on the fraudulent invoice
– Invoice that lacks detailed
03/10/2012
UNIT 5 Essays
Differentiate between fraud and abuse. Define fraud and abuse, identify at least three elements of each, and contrast the differences between them. Cite illustrative examples of the differences.
Fraud is any and all means a person uses to gain an unfair advantage over another person. In most cases, to be considered fraudulent, an act must involve: – A false statement (oral or in writing) – About a material fact – Knowledge that the statement was false when it was uttered (which implies an intent to deceive) – A victim relies on the statement – And suffers injury or loss as a result Abuse is to wrongly or improperly; misuse. - abuse alcohol - abuse privilege - abuse drugs - abuse authority
Compare and contrast Sutherland’s theory of differential association with Cressey’s final hypothesis. What does Cressey mean by "non-shareable"?
Cressey however, took his own studies in a different direction from Sutherland’s research. He was intrigued by embezzlers, whom he called “trust violators”. He was especially interested in the circumstances that led them to be overcome by temptation. Upon completion of his research, he developed what still remains as the classic model for the occupational offender. His research was published in "Other People’s Money: As Study in the Social Psychology of Embezzlement.”
Non-shareable is a issue of concern which the individual directed affected believe that he cannot share with another person due to shame or guilt.
Describe at least four proactive audit tests that could help detect a shell company scheme.
• Maintain and regularly update an approved vendor list
• Independently verify all vendors before payment
• Identifying shell company invoices
– Lack of detail on the fraudulent invoice
– Invoice that lacks detailed