According to various theories, there are four possible explanations for stone formation. First, bile may undergo a change in composition. Second, gallbladder stasis may lead stasis. Third, infection may predispose a person to stone formation. Fourth, genetic sand demography can affect stone formation (2015).
Some risk factors are associated with gallstones include heredity, obesity, rapid weight loss, through diet or surgery, age over 60, female is more common than men to develop gallstone disease. Women with high estrogen levels, as a result of pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, or the use of birth control pills, are at high risk for gallstone formation, diet very low calorie, prolonged fasting, and low-fiber, high-cholesterol, and high-starch diets all contribute to gallstone formation (Martin, 2014).
Initially, some patients don’t present symptoms; however, as the disease progresses patient can experience pain that is localized to the epigastrium area or right upper quadrant, sometimes radiating to the right scapular tip. The presence of fever, persistent tachycardia, hypotension, or jaundice could represent complications such as cholecystitis, cholangitis, and pancreatitis