Final Exam IAH231C StudyGuide
IAH 231C Final Exam Guide
Unit 1:Pinker Chapter 1
How language is related to other components of Human Experience: Thoughts, reality, community, emotions, social relations
Words and Community: Naming, certain words that become accepted
Words and Emotions: Denotation( What they refer to is the same)/Connotation (different emotions associated with them), Swear words
Words and Social Relations: direct request vs indirect request
Words and Thoughts: Conceptual semantics: discipline that studies the language of thought.
Words and Reality: Factive verb, that requires what is known to be true
Unit 2: First part of Pinker Chapter 2
How children learn a language: Chomsky’s Universal Grammar
- If children just imitate their parents they should not be able to say things that they have never heard. Children imitate but they also generalize, however children never overgeneralize
- Noam Chomsky: Children are born with some type of genetically coded grammar
Locative Verbs: Container vs. Content-locative verbs
- Verbs: Intransitive: only require a subject, Transitive: require a subject and direct object
- Locative Constructions: Content-locative construction: “hal loaded hay into the wagon” - Direct object of the sentence is the content that is moved Container-locative construction: “Hal loaded the wagon with hay” - Direction object of the sentence is the container where something is placed
Gestalt Shift: Cause-to-change vs cause-to-move
The way we view them from a different perspective. In other words it is a different construal of the same event.
“Hal loaded hay into the wagon” = Loaded a few pitchforks
“Hal loaded the wagon with hay” = Loaded the wagon full of hay
Holism (Slightly Different Generalization)
- Direct object position is reserved for those entities that are substantially changed in the manner specified by the verb
Ex. “Moondog drank the glass of beer” - “glass of beer” is direct object - Glass was emptied, it underwent a substantial change
Ex.
Unit 1:Pinker Chapter 1
How language is related to other components of Human Experience: Thoughts, reality, community, emotions, social relations
Words and Community: Naming, certain words that become accepted
Words and Emotions: Denotation( What they refer to is the same)/Connotation (different emotions associated with them), Swear words
Words and Social Relations: direct request vs indirect request
Words and Thoughts: Conceptual semantics: discipline that studies the language of thought.
Words and Reality: Factive verb, that requires what is known to be true
Unit 2: First part of Pinker Chapter 2
How children learn a language: Chomsky’s Universal Grammar
- If children just imitate their parents they should not be able to say things that they have never heard. Children imitate but they also generalize, however children never overgeneralize
- Noam Chomsky: Children are born with some type of genetically coded grammar
Locative Verbs: Container vs. Content-locative verbs
- Verbs: Intransitive: only require a subject, Transitive: require a subject and direct object
- Locative Constructions: Content-locative construction: “hal loaded hay into the wagon” - Direct object of the sentence is the content that is moved Container-locative construction: “Hal loaded the wagon with hay” - Direction object of the sentence is the container where something is placed
Gestalt Shift: Cause-to-change vs cause-to-move
The way we view them from a different perspective. In other words it is a different construal of the same event.
“Hal loaded hay into the wagon” = Loaded a few pitchforks
“Hal loaded the wagon with hay” = Loaded the wagon full of hay
Holism (Slightly Different Generalization)
- Direct object position is reserved for those entities that are substantially changed in the manner specified by the verb
Ex. “Moondog drank the glass of beer” - “glass of beer” is direct object - Glass was emptied, it underwent a substantial change
Ex.