The woman is not able to experience sexual pleasure and will not have the ability to be sexually interested in any man, making them less likely to cheat on their husbands, and therefore less likely to disgrace her family. In the Handmaid’s Tale, handmaid’s do not have their own names, but are instead named as the possession of another man. They are unable to be their own person. Offred is not her own person but is instead “Of Fred.” Cultures that practice FGM, view women as property of men, who must be sure to stay quiet, out of trouble and not dishonor the man’s name. Women are treated as “inferior partners” in life("Female Genital and Sexual Mutilation."). Women are unable to be their own person, and make their own decisions. FGM encourages the idea of women as property and lessens the value of a woman as a human being. In cultures that practice FGM, men prefer their wives to have undergone FGM because the man will be able to see that the women is still a virgin. The FGM process ensures that the woman has remained pure and untouched. Sexual Intercourse for women who have undergone FGM is not pleasurable. Studies have shown that women with FGM are twice more likely to report no sexual desire and painful sexual intercourse (Berg, Denison, “A Traditon in Transition”). This will make women much less likely to seek sexual pleasure from their husbands much less any other…
Horrifying, isn’t it? This procedure is female circumcision, or Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). There are four types. Type 1 is the removal of the clitoris and surrounding tissue. Type 2 is excision of the inner labia and clitoral tissue. Type 3 is the most prevalent in Somalia and the most extreme. Not only is the labia and clitoral tissue cut and removed, the outer lips are sewn shut with only a small hole left for urine and menstrual fluid. Type 4 is everything else; branding, piercing, cutting, stretching, vaginal cutting, etc. Though, most of the world is making great strides to prevent it from happening, it is estimated that over 125 million women between 18 and 49 still had this done to them. In Africa and Asia it is still very prevalent. In Somalia, over 97.8% of women between 15 and 49 have had their genitals cut and sewn.…
Female genital mutilation is the term used for operations or removal of all or just part of the external parts of female genitilia.This practice has for a long time come under increasingly intense international scrutiny from the news media, feminist and human rights organizations. The main reasons for continuation of FGM are firstly, as a rite of passage from girlhood to womanhood; a circumcised woman is considered mature, obedient and aware of her role in the family and society.Secondly, FGM is perpetuated as a means of reducing sexual desire of girls and women, thereby curbing sexual activity before and ensuring fidelity within marriage.…
When Kristoff asked if given compensation equivalent to her FGM sessions, she immediately defended herself that she would stop the practice. Prof. Bertini mentioned that the FGM practice is based on several beliefs biased against women. Thoughts of preserving women’s chastity until and loyalty during marriage rationalize the stitching up of the reproductive organ. Preventing women’s promiscuity is another reason for removing some of the parts of the female anatomy. The practice is heavily embedded in the culture, passed on to succeeding generations; as grandmothers went through FGM, so did the mothers, and the daughters, and potentially their future daughters if no political intervention takes place.…
In Pharaonic circumcision, the clitoris and labia minora are removed. The labia majora is sewn closed, leaving a small opening at the vulva for urination and release of menstrual blood.…
Women with genital problems must not suffer in secrecy; the latest in medical / cosmetic technology is there to help them. There are many benefits and advantages that can be had, like:…
Religion is often confused with social customs. By definition, religion is an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a God or a group of Gods (Religion Merriam). Social customs, on the other hand, are activities that are considered normal or expected in a particular area (Social Customs). There is not much relation between these definitions. In Africa, it is believed that many of the Islamic countries practice Female Genital Mutilation, also known as FGM (Female Genital). As defined on World Health Organization’s (WHO) website, FGM is a procedure that involves partial or total removal of the…
This counter argument is not a relevant one and is problematic because it does not negate the system that promotes violence against women nor the cultures that permit these violent acts to continue. In the documentary “The Cruel Cut”, the narrator and several guest speakers talked about their experiences with FGM and how the actual act was…
In the United States, this practice is seen as abhorrent and is strongly fought against in feminist movements. However, in African populations, females choose to have this operation and are proud of this change. It is a sign of womanhood and respect of their culture, not a disgraceful mutilation (Khazan, 2015). Understandably, domestic feminists fight against involuntary FGC, but it’s important to recognize that this topic is not as important in African feminist movements, and in many domestic cases, they incorporate African statistics to show the prominence of this operation…
As the world becomes globalized, countries are trailing behind their cultures and their identity, for them to be cohesive with the Western ideal. The alteration in clothing style, religious beliefs, family roles are few of the examples of the impacts of which Westernization has had on developing countries. With that said, a medical practice common in developing countries such as Uganda, Sudan and Iraq, is female circumcision (Keilburger, 2013). Often linked this practice to Islamic teachings, it is incorrect as in this religion, merely male circumcision is encouraged, proving the fact that this practice roots to generations of cultural beliefs (Keilburger, 2013). “The communities where FGM is practiced explains Dr. Shaw, place high value on virginity, so the custom is seen as protection for young girls from premarital sex”. (Keilburger, 2013: 1) Adding on, developed nations across the world including Canada do not allow for such treatment to be performed on women as it is believed here to be inhumane and child abuse (Keilburger, 2013). Despite scarce records of such mutilation to occur to Canadian women in secrecy, there are laws preventing physicians, doctors and…
Additionally, Nussbaum finds the strongest argument in support of FGM to be cultural continuity, considering that communities are able to grow through the initiation rituals and “a gradual process of education and persuasion” should be granted, instead of criminalizing the tradition. Consequently, it has been shown that over the years, people begin to oppose and break away from traditions, however according to the author, “the practice is kept alive by the excisers themselves” due to the fact that priestesses, (the women who perform the act), are provided financial security with sizable incomes and a reputation of significant influence. It is evident that in order to preserve their own personal interest and gain, priestesses will prevent members of the community from defying any changes from occurring (Nussbaum…
Richard Shweder’s article about female genital mutilation, or alteration, explores the cultural perceptions and meanings behind this custom, which is practiced among many societies globally (Shweder). The modern number of women undergoing this coming-of-age ritual varies wildly between eighty and two hundred million (Shweder). Shweder’s research investigated the vastly large gap in the extreme perceptions of female circumcision from culture to culture, focusing on the lack of knowledge and understanding presented when analyzing an aspect of another culture aside from one’s own (Shweder). The researcher’s thesis suggests that this lack of insight as well as failure to question the anti-FGM movement has cultivated an uneducated intolerance…
Female genital mutilation cuts or removes the tissues around the vagina that give women pleasurable sexual feelings. This procedure is…
Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all the procedures that involves partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The practice is mostly carried out by traditional circumcisers, who often play other central roles in communities, such as attending childbirths. Increasingly, however, female genital mutilation is being performed by health care providers.…
Cited: Female Genital Cutting Education and Networking Project. Nigeria: First Ladies and Female Genital Mutilation. 12 November 2009. 14 November 2009 <http://www.fgmnetwork.org/index.php>.…