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Eutanazja
W oparciu o etykę oraz aksjologie naszego kręgu kulturowego, podaj argumenty za i przeciw, eutanazja, kara śmierci czy wybawienie?
Termin eutanazja pochodzi z języka greckiego (Eu – dobra, tanatos - śmierć). Oznacza bezbolesne odebranie życia człowiekowi. W starożytności eutanazja oznaczała dobrą śmierć. Dziś eutanazja jest uznawana za wspomagane samobójstwo bądź też rezygnację z terapii nieuleczalnie chorej i cierpiącej osoby. Rozróżniamy cztery rodzaje eutanazji: eutanazja czynna polega na celowym spowodowaniu śmierci, eutanazja bierna polega na wstrzymaniu terapii podtrzymującej, eutanazja dobrowolna polega na świadomej prośbie chorego o zaprzestanie terapii, eutanazja niedobrowolna polega na zaprzestaniu terapii na prośbę rodziny. Wszystkie wyżej wymienione czynności łączy ten sam efekt, zgon człowieka. Jednak nie wszystkie rodzaje eutanazji w Polsce są zabronione prawnie. Do dozwolonych należą:
Podanie śmiertelnie chorej osobie w końcowym stadium choroby leku przeciwbólowego w dużej dawce, co może, lecz nie musi spowodować śmierć.
Ortotanazja, czyli eutanazja bierna polegająca na zaprzestaniu podawania choremu leków podtrzymujących życie, np. gdy są one zbyt drogie i potrzebują ich inni pacjenci.
Antydystanazja, jest to odłączenie chorego od aparatury podtrzymującej życie w przypadku obumarcia mózgu.
Przyjrzyjmy się opinii społecznej. Badania CBOS z 2007 roku wykazały, iż blisko dwie piąte dorosłych Polaków (37%) jest zdania, że lekarze powinni spełniać wolę cierpiących, nieuleczalnie chorych, którzy domagają się podania im środków powodujących śmierć, natomiast prawie połowa (46%) wyraża sprzeciw wobec tego rodzaju postępowania. W 2007 roku zmianie uległa dotychczasowa tendencja do wzrostu społecznej akceptacji „wspomaganego samobójstwa”. Odsetek osób uważających, iż lekarze powinni spełniać wolę cierpiących chorych, którzy chcą umrzeć, zmalał o 12 punktów, podczas gdy odsetek respondentów przeciwnych takim praktykom wzrósł o 9 punktów. W drugiej

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