Preview

Essay On Huntington's Disease

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
973 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Essay On Huntington's Disease
Devesh Mehra
3/16/17
Biology

Huntington's Disease Research Paper
Huntington’s Disease, previously known as Huntington’s chorea, is a long term brain disorder that eventually leads to uncontrolled movement, problems with emotions, loss of cognitive abilities such as memorization, increased involuntary movements, behavioral symptoms, and degeneration of nerve cells in the brain(1). This disease has been recognized as a disorder for hundreds of years, but however, only recently a cause was instituted to explain the effects. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, gene heredity was poorly understood as people who had the gene coding for the disease, died before many symptoms could appear. Huntington's Disease was first identified as an
…show more content…
Some patients may experience unintentional jerking or wriggling movements (chorea), muscle problems, such as inflexibility or muscle contractions (dystonia), Slow or irregular eye movements, disabled stride, posture and balance, difficulty with speech or swallowing, feelings of irritability, sadness or apathy, social withdrawal, insomnia, tiredness and loss of energy, or frequent thoughts of suicide, and death related ideas. Due to these symptoms the social consequences of Huntington’s disease can be disastrous. Humans with this condition will slur their words to the point of total mispronunciation and have a chance of completely losing their speech. The decision making process is altered and people in the later stages of the disease have hard time concentrating on memorization. Also the the affected patients might do out of the ordinary behavior, and say things without thinking. Other symptoms can be aggression, apathy, depression, and denial(7). Patients with the disease can have children, but take the risk for passing on the genes to their offspring(10). The disease itself is not fatal, but the complications related to it can shorten the lifespan of the people affected. Heart failure and pneumonia are two common complications of the disease. Many people develop symptoms in their 30’s to 50’s and usually live from 10 - 20 years after

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Loss of short term memory, denial of memory loss, language difficulty, and behavioral changes are all symptoms of the disease. Initial changes are subtle and as the disease progresses they enter a moderate stage of disease which may last several years and is marked by more global impairments of cognitive function. This moderate stage includes complications such as: degenerative changes in higher cognitive functioning needed for problem solving, spatial relationships, and language. Depression may begin to occur at this stage due to an awareness of deficits. Extreme confusion, lack of insight, disorientation, and the inability to carry out activities of daily living. Personal hygiene begins to be neglected and language begins to become impaired because it is difficult to remember and retrieve words. Behavioral changes can include agitation, sleep problems, restlessness, and wandering, aggression, and suspiciousness. Some may be abusive to others or become hostile. People at this stage are unable to live alone and need to be supervised and assisted in making decisions. Severe Alzheimer disease is the last stage of the disease process. It carries several extreme complications such as: a loss in ability to respond to the environment. Patients become total care and are bedridden most of the time related to the loss of almost…

    • 1406 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    A diagnosis of Huntington’s disease can be very distressing for a patient and their family to receive as it has many effects.…

    • 125 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Huntington’s is a genetic and autosomal dominant inherited disease; meaning that it is not affected 23rd chromosome also known as the sex chromosome. This indicates that if one has any parent with Huntington’s (female or male), they have a 50% chance of contracting the disease which can be seen in Figure 1. (Collins, n.d) . An irregular expansion of a reciprocated area of the DNA sequences of the gene is the result of the Huntingtin gene. That particular area encodes the amino acid glutamine. (healthtree, n.d) In a normal, healthy person; one has a string of 9 to 39 glutamines. But due to the irregular expansion of the Huntingtin gene, people with Huntington 's have 36 - 121 glutamines; well above the normal range. Due to the extreme size of this area, it makes the Huntingtin protein more unstable and turns the area into an abnormal shape. (healthtree, n.d)Though we know the genetics behind it, it is still a mystery why this Huntingtin protein causing neuron death in the striatum, the substantia nigra and the hypothalamus of the brain which can be seen in Figure 2 (look at yellow boxes). (healthtree, n.d)Due to the nature of the disease being…

    • 1541 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    In 1872, George Huntington wrote about a disease that he and his family was suffering from. Symptoms included slurred speech, involuntary or slowed movement, and compulsive emotions and feelings. Today, it is known that this disease is a genetic disease affecting the brain, caused by the mutation of chromosome number 4, in which the codon CAG repeats over 40 times, contrary to the normal 10 to 26 times. Though it is unknown as to why this repetition causes such effect on the brain, scientists have devised methods in which it would be possible for individuals to test for the disease through genetic screening. Though genetic screening could have its side effects, it is currently the best way to take preventive measures for individuals carrying the mutation to not pass on to future generations as well as provide other personal aspects that would benefit the individual the most.…

    • 704 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Dementia 001

    • 769 Words
    • 4 Pages

    This can affect men and women equally and is generally a progressive disease in which leads to being terminal affecting the person’s attention and alertness later progressions show signs the same as Parkinson’s , to include mobility poor walking to represent a shuffle and tend to shake at times, can lead to hallucinations .…

    • 769 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    There are a lot of different books, movies and TV shows that portray neuropsychological disorders. The popular show House M.D. showed the audience so many cases of different diseases that give an interesting knowledge to the viewers. Sometimes it is real life cases, but most of the time it is imagination of the screenwriters. Each episode is different and was not focused for a long time on one specific disease except Huntington’s. Dr. Hadley (Olivia Wild) or better known as Thirteen one of the main characters in the show was diagnosed with HD. While watching the show the audience could better understand Thirteen’s situation and it gives them better idea of the disease and what is following after. There are lots of different diseases in the world. Many of them are treatable, but there are still some sicknesses that cannot be cured and one of them is Huntington’s disease.…

    • 1811 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    In 1995, genetically 50% out of 1,000 people in the population end up or effected by Huntington’s disease. (Phillips, Dennis H.) Huntington’s disease commonly known as HD is an inherited disease that causes certain nerve cells in the brain to waste away.(National Library of Medicine) This basically means that you lose all function of what might seem like the most simplest thing to do like walking and talking. Even raising your hand will be almost impossible to do with Huntington’s disease. This disease usually takes over your body at the ages between 30 or 40. If you get it before the age of 20 it is now called Juvenile Huntington’s disease (national liberty of medicine).…

    • 1057 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    It is caused by getting passed down from parents. HD results from genetically programmed degeneration of nerve cells, called neurons, in certain…

    • 764 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Patients can have verbal trouble and can have a feeling of dizziness. Another complication is that people could become paralyzed. Also people encounter bladder and bowel issues. People also experience trouble with their memory and have trouble with concentrating. Some other symptoms are memory loss and depression. When people encounter memory loss, they could lose their ability to remember things immediately or the ability to retrieve stored information. Also some people’s speech may become slurred or difficult to understand.…

    • 724 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    Although characterized as an “adult on-set” disease, it can affect children as well (Medterms, 1998). Huntington’s is a genetic disorder that main affects people in their 40’s and 50’s (Team C, 2011). I mainly affects the brain which leads to a gradual loss of control of movement along with memory loss and a loss of mental ability (Team C, 2011). I suppose you could say it is essentially a breakdown of the brain and the functions that are accompanied with it (Team C, 2011). With Huntington’s disease comes certain personality changes and depression along with some other mental illnesses (Team C, 2011). As of now there is no known cure but there have been a few case studies researching the possibility of a cure (Team C, 2011). Huntington’s disease has a pattern known as “autosomal dominance” (Team C, 2011). Autosomes Are the chromosomes inside the cells of the body aside from the sex chromosomes (Team C, 2011). This is where our body’s genetic information is stored and located (Team C, 2011). The genetic abnormality that is normally associated with Huntington’s disease is located on the fourth chromosome and the three bases arranged along the chromosome happen in a repeated sequence (Team C, 2011). An excess amount of the repeats leads to Huntington’s disease (Team C, 2011). Any more than 35 reps of this particular sequence is often attributed to Huntington’s but…

    • 1220 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Symptoms of Huntington's disease usually develop between ages 30 and 50, but they can appear as early as age 2 or as late as 80, depending on the onset (adult or juvenile). Huntington's disease usually causes movement, cognitive, and psychiatric disorders as a result of all the neurons degenerating. The movement disorders that often appear can include both involuntary movements and impairments in voluntary movements. The movement symptoms include: involuntary jerking or writhing movements called chorea, sluggish or abnormal eye movements, muscle problems, such as rigidity or muscle contracture called dystonia, impairments in gait, posture and balance, difficulty with the physical production and act of speech or swallowing, and sudden jerking…

    • 735 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Pernicious Anemia

    • 253 Words
    • 1 Page

    When the disease goes undiagnosed and untreated for a long period of time, it may lead to neurological complications.…

    • 253 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    The striatum in the brain is believed to play a large factor in the cause of the symptoms of Huntington’s disease. Its function is to process all of the signals within the neocortex and then pass them to other parts of the basal ganglia and frontal lobes. The parts of the brain that the striatum sends its information to are known for playing a large role in the planning and execution of a person’s bodily movement. Huntington’s disease seems to disrupt the striatum’s pathway in sending its messages, which then interferes with the parts of the brain that control movement. This pathway disruption is what causes the loss of muscle control for those who suffer from the disease. As a person is first affected, the chorea starts off as minor but as the disease progresses more damage is done to the brain, which results in an increase in the severity of symptoms. This is believed to be the reason behind eighty percent of brains belonging to those who have died of Huntington’s disease having significant atrophy to their frontal lobes. Along with a loss of frontal lobe tissue, this disease also causes a loss of striatal tissue, a noticeable amount of one hundred percent of all Huntington’s disease brains examined. Expectedly, on average a brain that has gone through the symptoms of Huntington’s disease is on average smaller than a normal unaffected…

    • 1026 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    I came home one school night to finding my mother sitting on our dining room table with her hands covering her face. “What’s wrong? Are you okay mom?” I asked her as I reached out to touch her arm. When she looked up I could tell that she had been crying. Her eyes were puffy and the sides of face were wet. “I just spoke with your grandmother and she told me my dad was diagnosed with Huntington’s disease.” Her monotone voice as she said these words reminded me of the time she told me my hamster had died. The following day, I went on the Internet and started researching Huntington’s disease, otherwise known as HD. I felt nauseous. Words popped up on my computer: behavioral disturbance, hallucinations, paranoia, psychosis, depression, suicidal…

    • 658 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Not only do neurological disorders have an effect on education, but they can cause other mental problems. Learning disabilities are diagnosed when one or more areas of learning are below expectations, but not explained by certain intellectual abilities, sensory abnormalities, or lack of opportunities. Particularly in middle school, teens are already stressing about changing physically and mentally. Chronic fatigue is a typical symptom of neurological diseases, which has a major effect on students attending school. Sleep deprivation over a period of time will definitely affect grades in school and change attitude in students. Studies show that middle school students with some sort of disorders are eighty-five percent more likely to have lower…

    • 501 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays