Dinotefuran And Flonicamid Case Study

1. Introduction
The application of large number of pesticides are used in modern agriculture for control various insect pest population. The varieties and consumption of pesticides have been increasing as increased human population and crop production therefore misuses of pesticides become more and more serious problem as environmental point of view (Sitaramaraju et al. 2014). The increasing amount of crop productivity is not achieved without risk of human health and environment. The repeated application of pesticides may reaches in soil activity creates imbalance of soil which kills the pests and destroy the micro-organisms which are required for soil fertility and productivity (Madakka et al. 2010).
There is a growing interest in the utilization
These systemic insecticides are applied as foliar spray and seed treatment which get absorbed by root system (Wien et al. 2010). Dinotefuran have high water solubility 39,830 mg/L and low partition coefficient (Kow 0.283). (Pesticide Fact Sheet. 2004), with DT50 for several soil type 17-89 days. Flonicamid have water solubility 5,200 mg/L with low partition coefficient (Kow 0.263) with DT50 in the range of 0.7-1.8 days (European Food Safety Authority.2010) that suggest the potential of leach out. The persistent of flonicamid is slightly in water and not in soil. The transformation products of Flonicamid are TFNA, TFNA-OH, TFNG, and TFNG-AM which are easily leach out.
The application of wine waste in soil is type of organic amendment of significant importance from the environmental point of view which is helpful for increasing microbial biomass. By Knowing fate and behavior of dinotefuran and flonicamid in soil it is clearly indicate that there is need of application of wine waste in soil. The objective of current work was to study the effect of white wine waste and red wine waste on dissipation of Flonicamid and dinotefuran in amended soil and unamended
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