Dimensionalizing Cultures. the Hofstede Model in Context
Unit 2 Theoretical and Methodological Issues Subunit 1 Conceptual Issues in Psychology and Culture 12-1-2011
Article 8
Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context
Geert Hofstede
Universities of Maastricht and Tilburg, The Netherlands, hofstede@bart.nl
Recommended Citation Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 2. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8
This Online Readings in Psychology and Culture Article is brought to you for free and open access (provided uses are educational in nature)by IACCP and ScholarWorks@GVSU. Copyright © 2011 International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-9845627-0-1
Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context
Abstract
This article describes briefly the Hofstede model of six dimensions of national cultures: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long/ Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence/Restraint. It shows the conceptual and research efforts that preceded it and led up to it, and once it had become a paradigm for comparing cultures, research efforts that followed and built on it. The article stresses that dimensions depend on the level of aggregation; it describes the six entirely different dimensions found in the Hofstede et al. (2010) research into organizational cultures. It warns against confusion with value differences at the individual level. It concludes with a look ahead in what the study of dimensions of national cultures and the position of countries on them may still bring.
This article is available in Online Readings in Psychology and Culture: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8
Hofstede: Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context
Introduction
Culture has been defined in many ways; this author’s shorthand definition is: "Culture is the collective programming of the
Article 8
Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context
Geert Hofstede
Universities of Maastricht and Tilburg, The Netherlands, hofstede@bart.nl
Recommended Citation Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 2. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8
This Online Readings in Psychology and Culture Article is brought to you for free and open access (provided uses are educational in nature)by IACCP and ScholarWorks@GVSU. Copyright © 2011 International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-9845627-0-1
Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context
Abstract
This article describes briefly the Hofstede model of six dimensions of national cultures: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long/ Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence/Restraint. It shows the conceptual and research efforts that preceded it and led up to it, and once it had become a paradigm for comparing cultures, research efforts that followed and built on it. The article stresses that dimensions depend on the level of aggregation; it describes the six entirely different dimensions found in the Hofstede et al. (2010) research into organizational cultures. It warns against confusion with value differences at the individual level. It concludes with a look ahead in what the study of dimensions of national cultures and the position of countries on them may still bring.
This article is available in Online Readings in Psychology and Culture: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8
Hofstede: Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context
Introduction
Culture has been defined in many ways; this author’s shorthand definition is: "Culture is the collective programming of the
References: Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2011 23 Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 2, Subunit 1, Chapter 8 About the Author Geert Hofstede (1928) holds an M.Sc Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2011 25