Preview

Did Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines Have an Impact on the Uprising of the Philippine Guerrillas Movement After the American/Filipino Defeat in 1942?

Best Essays
Open Document
Open Document
4691 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Did Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines Have an Impact on the Uprising of the Philippine Guerrillas Movement After the American/Filipino Defeat in 1942?
Extended Essay:

Did Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines have an impact on the uprising of the Philippine Guerrillas Movement after the American/Filipino defeat in 1942?

Subject: History

Candidate Number: 004812-013

Candidate Name: Armand Mendoza

Word Count: 3,971

Abstract

This essay focuses on attrocities commited by the Imperial Japanese Army during their occupation of the Philippines and the ramifications of these actions on the Guerilla movement. The Japanese occupied the Philippines from 1942 to 1945 during which time they committed countless attrocities against Filipino combatants and civilians alike. In World War II, there were certain milestones in Philippine history such as the Bataan Death March and other transgressions towards the local populus that are obscured to many people even today. Being a Filipino and having a grandfather who was deeply involved during the Japanese occupation in Zambales, Philippines during World War II, I felt compelled to investigate this period of Philippine History. I scrutinized a variety of sources to help better my understanding of Philippine World War II history, and focused my research question which asks, “Did Japanese Atrocities in the Philippines have an impact on the uprising of the Philippine Guerrillas Movement after the American/Filipino defeat in 1942?” In researching this topic I found many different resources, both primary and secondary, such as personal interviews, books in university libraries, museums, and online, with the majority being personal accounts of World War II veterans compiled into a novel. Living and growing up in the Philippines was also an advantage as visiting the actual site of the Bataan Death March, reading newspapers in museums written in Filipino, and interviewing Filipino war veterans in my native tongue was a much more feasible task. I hope this paper will give light to the misconduct of the Imperial Japanese Army to some extent, and acknowledge the subsequent



Cited: 1. Jose, Ricardo T. Battle of Bataan: A Primer. Metro Manila: Infinit-1, 2003. 2. Jose, Ricardo T. The Philippine Army, 1935 – 1942 Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1992 3 4. Chang, Iris. Rape of Nanking. United States of America: Basic Books, 1997. 6. Gilpatrick, Kristin. Footprints in Courage. Badger Books Inc., 2002 7 8. Office of the Provost Marshal General. Report on American Prisoners of War interned by the Japanese in the Philippines. November 19, 1945. 9. Herbert P. Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. HarperCollins, 2000 10 11. McArthur, Douglas. The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific: Volume 1 of Reports of General MacArthur. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996. 12 13. Rose, Caroline. Sino-Japanese Relations. RoutledgeCurzon, 2005. 14. Morton, Louis. “The Decision to Withdraw to Bataan” US Army Center of Military History. June 1, 2006. May 2011 15 16. Toshiyuki, Tanaka. Japan’s Comfort Women. Routledge. 2003 17

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    The Best War Ever

    • 797 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Bibliography: Adams, Michael C. C. The Best War Ever: America and World War II. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1994. Print.…

    • 797 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Filipino Guerillas: NLT 30 Jan, the guerillas provide critical intelligence of Japanese enemy movements for 6th Ranger Battalion Commander in order to complete the final COA and posture offensive positioning for allied forces prior to plan…

    • 832 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    “With The Old Breed” by Eugene Sledge is a startling account of World War II was based on his memoirs he witnessed as a mortar man with Kilo Company 3/5 on Peleliu and Okinawa. Less popularly know than other battles in the Pacific region, these battles were as bloody and ferocious as any other. Eugene Sledge gives a straightforward approach, illustrating the climate, conditions, and characterizing the morale of the Marines surrounding him fighting the Japanese.…

    • 544 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The two authors of this book were Allan R. Millett and Peter Maslowski. Maslowski, the author of chapters one through nine, is a professor of U.S. Military History and U.S. History at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. He earned his Ph. D at Ohio State University and has served on the Army Historical Advisory Committee, the Executive Board of War In History, and the Board of Trustees of the Society for Military History. He holds three prestigious awards for outstanding teaching. Millett , the author of chapters ten through eighteen, is a Professor of Military History at Ohio State University. He also earned his Ph. D at Ohio State. A U.S. Marine Corps officer,…

    • 754 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    But they had about 70,000 men in total C. Americans angered by the Guerilla conflict a. Execute prisoners b. Rape Filipino women c. Rob towns/villages d. Some generals would even order troops to kill all the people over the age of 10 D. Armies liked to torture the Filipinos a. They would utilize the “water cure” torture method 1. When water is forced down a person’s throat to simulate the effect of drowning E. U.S sent people to concentration camps a. Practice they began in Cuba b. More than half of the people sent there died of starvation or disease F. End of the War a. Theodore Roosevelt declares an end to the war (July 4, 1902) b. Still the Philippines was controlled by the U.S until…

    • 1646 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    In this seminal work on the Pacific war John Dower, Professor of History at the Michigan Institute of Technology and Pulitzer Prize winning author, discusses the effect had in the Allied war with Japan. It is the author's opinion that racism and prejudiced attitudes played a role in the development of atrocious behaviors seen in the Pacific Theater. Dower supports his thesis by effectively and exhaustively researching his topic. Dower creatively integrates and combines sources from almost every are of period life. In his studies he includes war diaries, political speeches, journal articles from both sides, and perhaps most effectively, sources from popular culture including songs, movies and cartoons.…

    • 2086 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Filipinos- During World War II, Philippines was taken by Japanese Army. Filipinos in America worried about their home land, Philippines. They wanted to join U.S, Armed Force to get back Philippines to fight for the liberation of their home land. According to page 359, chapter 10, "On February 19, 1942, Secretary of War Henry Stimson announced the organization of the First Filipino Infantry Regiment: this new unit is formed in recognition of the intense loyalty and patriotism of those Filipinos who are now residing in the United State." Filipinos were allowed to join U.S Armed Force by U.S Government. Because of this new policy, Filipinos who were members of…

    • 522 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Lofgren, Stephen J. "Diary of First Lieuteant Suǵrihara Kinryū: Iwo Jima, January-February 1945." Journal of Military History, 1995: 97-133.…

    • 2411 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Lasting only a month in 1945, The Battle of Manila was an intense and vicious battle in which outnumbered Japanese troops were defeated by U.S. troops. The fierce battle occurred in Manila of the Philippine islands from February 3rd to March 3rd in 1945 near the end of World War II. Japanese had captured the Philippine Islands three years prior to this battle, and this was the chance American troops had to liberate the Philippines. Encirclement strategy and clear objectives are what allowed the United States to come out victorious in this battle. The Battle of Manila became known as one of the most brutal for urban warfare and was far more violent than any war following it in the Pacific region of World War II. The once great culture and city…

    • 895 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    References: Center of Military History. (1992). A Brief History of the U.S. Army. Retrieved from http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-C-WWII/index.html…

    • 2571 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Seven Years War

    • 2290 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Margiotta, Franklin D., Ed. "Brassey 's Encyclopedia of Military History and Biography", Washington: Brassey 's, Inc. 1994…

    • 2290 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The Commonwealth of the Philippines was invaded by the Empire of Japan in December 1941 shortly after Japan's declaration of war upon the United States of America, which controlled the Philippines at the time and possessed important military bases there. The combined American-Filipino army was defeated by April 1942, but guerrilla resistance against the Japanese continued throughout the war. Uncaptured Filipino army units, a communist insurgency and supporting American agents all played a role in the resistance. Due to the huge number of islands, the Japanese did not occupy them all. Japanese control over the countryside and smaller towns was often tenuous at best.…

    • 2198 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 to begin restoration of Philippine freedom after Japanese occupation…

    • 1457 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Recto covers a whole range of information that is relevant for this research. However, its value is in its information that it provides about the guerrilla groups, how they were formed, and the roll that the youth played in fighting the Japanese. In order to give the reader an idea of what the guerrillas were up against and why they were so determined to fight against the Japanese, I will be referencing Captain Vicente M. Agdamag who wrote, 150 Days of Hell Japanese Invasion of the Philippines 8 Dec 1941-May 1942. His real accounts of his time in the area of study during the Japanese occupation gives a very clear picture as to the horror that was going on and why they people chose to fight against the Japanese. Being a Filipino commander it makes his work even more relevant than the work would be had it been from an American who was there during that time. Because Agdamag does such a great job describing what went on during that time he also gave great accounts of the military movements, this includes both the movements of McArthur (when he was still in the Philippines) as well as the guerrillas. This military information will prove to be vital to constructing this research paper. The final key to my research is a documentary that was created entitled, Bloody War with the Japanese Invaders - The Philippines Hell. This documentary gives a great account over everything that was going on in the area well after…

    • 1249 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays