Preview

Development Over Life Span

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
949 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Development Over Life Span
APSS111/1A07/222 Introduction to Psychology
14094305d Sit Wai Nam
Development over life span
The first time when I get to approach the knowledge of psychology was reading a book about using psychology to explain things happens around us, things we encounter in the daily life. I was impressed that the book can explain some of my behaviors, for instance, I found that when I lost in the PC game and I would feel angry with my mum; and such a behavior is called “projection” under the Freudian Defense Mechanisms. I became more curious about psychology, so I decided to take this subject.
For the first few lectures, I found the topic about development of human life span to be interesting, and I would like to write something about my observation of my three-year-old and five-year-old cousins.
According to Bowlby & Ainsworth (1956,1991), attachment is a close, emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and the caregivers, which can be further classified into four types. After this lecture, I have a little experiment with my two cousins. I went to my cousins’ home with a friend, and tried to separate their mother from them and leave my friend with them alone. The result was that my two-year-old cousin (Tommy) started crying at the very beginning when his mum was leaving and he tried to hold back his mum from leaving. And the five-year-old cousin (Peter) had a totally different response that he did not cry and had no negative feeling towards my friend when his mum left. After the experiment, I found that my two cousins are of the Secure and Avoidant type of attachment respectively. The reason for such a difference may be due to the fact that Peter is older and he has more chance to get in touch with different people when he stayed at the day care center, which affected him to have no specific attachment of close attachment with specific person.
But for Tommy, he has relatively more time to stay with his mum because his mum has been a full time housewife since

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    Contrasting and comparing the work of Harry Harlow (1962) with the work of Mary Ainsworth (1953) on understanding attachment in children, shows that attachment is not based in cupboard love (the provision of food by the mother or the primary care giver) but is mainly formed through contact comfort and the sensitive responsiveness to the child’s signals provided by the mother or by the primary care giver. Mary Ainsworth’s study and research called “Strange Situation” provides a time-saving and effective way of assessing attachment in children showing that different attachment categories develop under different situations and is also cross-cultural.…

    • 1502 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Many researchers have studied attachment; however, John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth are the researchers responsible for the origination of the attachment theory, therefore also becoming catalysts for the research of attachment in the late eighteenth century. Attachment, as defined by Ainsworth, is “‘an affectional tie’ that an infant forms with a caregiver—a tie that binds them together in space and endures over time” (Berger, 2014, p. 142). Furthermore, as described in Berger, the attachment theory assesses the behaviors associated with four identified types of infant attachment. These four types include secure, insecure-resistant/ambivalent, insecure avoidant, and disorganized attachment. Berger defines each of these types as follows: securely…

    • 186 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Attachment theory is a psychological theory which investigates the bond between individuals; it in effect refers primarily to the relationship and bond between a baby and their primary caregiver. Early attachment research was conducted through experiments with animals. Dependency on a presence of another being as an infant is essential to survival within all species. As Psychoanalyst Winnicott (1964: p.88) observed…

    • 1586 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    “Attachment is relatively long term, emotionally important relationship in which one individual seeks proximity to and derives security and comfort from the presence of another” (Investigating psychology, 2012 p. 193). Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth are two famous psychologist who provided us series of experiments to understand the attachment in terms of psychology. HarryHarlow started the experiments on monkeys and Mary Ainsworth focused on human infants’ behaviour. There are various similarities and differences in their sets of experiments by using different techniques.…

    • 1433 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    P1: Describe Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, and Social Development for each of the life stages of an individual.…

    • 3496 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Attachment is when you get a strong reciprocal, emotional bond between two people like with a mother and infant. The attachment acts as a basis for further emotional and psychological development. Following on from the study carried out by Schaffer and Emerson (1964) on the phases of development in attachment, Ainsworth and Bell (1978) investigated individual differences in attachment using the Strange Situation. They hoped that their method of assessing attachments would be a reliable and valid measure of attachments. The Strange Situation test lasted approximately 20 minutes and involved the observation of an American infant (12 to 18 months) in a controlled observation room. The procedure consisted of 7 stressful episodes each lasting 3 minutes, depending on the reaction of the infant. The first episode involved the infant exploring the room in the presence of the caregiver. A stranger then entered the room, followed by the discreet departure of the caregiver. The caregiver would then return, and the reaction of the child would be recorded. The stranger would then leave the room. There was 3 clear groups of infants from the recorded results that were collected. One group greeted the mother on her return, this shows that the child was securely attached. Another group showed distress all around the room and rejected the mother on return, this is called an insecure resistant child. The final type of child found from the results was a child that didn’t orientate the room in which they were in, and they didn’t show any interest in their mothers return. This is called an insecure avoidant child.…

    • 487 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Attachment is an “enduring socioemotional relationship between infants and their caregivers” that usually develops around 8 or 9 months old. Attachment means the child trusts his caregiver. For Erikson and other theorists, attachment represents a crucial phase in the behavioral development of a child since this relationship lays the ground for all the social interactions the children will have later on during his life (Kail & Cavanaugh, 2013, p.170-172). Secure attachment can be observed at different stages of the child life.…

    • 521 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Life Span Development

    • 1129 Words
    • 5 Pages

    According to The History Pace (1996), “Hitler later said of himself that he was an quarrelsome little ring leader who liked to stay outside and dangle around with ‘husky’ boys. His half-brother Alois later described him as quick to irritation and tainted by his indulgent mother” (Hitler’s Boyhood, para.…

    • 1129 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Life Span Development

    • 1358 Words
    • 6 Pages

    The patient in this case is a two and half year old girl, named Isabel. Isabel lives with her parents and her thirteen month old sister, in the rural area of town. Her family is Spanish American. Their culture and the family's financial situation does not encourage daycare settings. Her father is a migrant worker and her mother is a stay at home mom. Isabel babbles constantly but her speech is not understandable.…

    • 1358 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Life Span Development

    • 1409 Words
    • 6 Pages

    guardian.co.uk © Guardian News and Media Limited 2013 . (2013). Michael Jackson: The least weird man Elizabeth Taylor ever knew. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/jun/26/michael-jackson-family-friends…

    • 1409 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Life Span Development

    • 3564 Words
    • 15 Pages

    1. Life Span Development is from birth throughout adulthood as well as childhood. The traditional approach emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood, and decline in old age. A great deal of change does occur in the six decades after adolescence.…

    • 3564 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    What is Attachment?:- “Attachment is the close bond between two people which endures over time and leads to certain behaviors such as proximity seeking, clinging and distress on separation, These behaviors serve the function of protecting an infant”…

    • 2561 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Reactive Attachment Theory

    • 1060 Words
    • 5 Pages

    According to Lynos Hardy, the attachment theory, “suggests that infants are. . . primed to form a close, enduring, dependent bond on a primary caregiver beginning in the first moments of life” (2007, p. 27). Four primary attachment styles have been identified, which are secure, avoidant, disorganized, and ambivalent (TCU Institute of Child Development, 2012). A child with a secure attachment, which is the healthiest form of attachment, is bonded with his parents and will often cry when the parent leaves the room (TCU Institute of Child Development, 2012). However, the disorganized form of attachment is the worst form of attachment, and many children who have been maltreated by their primary caregiver display this form (Hardy, 2007). This type of attachment is often characterized by the child resisting, yet reaching for the primary caregiver (Hardy, 2007, p. 28), and “80-85% of children with a history of abuse” have this type of attachment (TCU Institute of Child Development,…

    • 1060 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Attachment is the relationship or bond between the child and his/her main caregiver (“Attachment Theory,” 2012). A child’s close attachment to his/her primary caregiver helps the child develop and is very important throughout a child’s life. Research has shown that children need at least one close relationship with a primary caregiver in order to develop (“Babies Remember Moments of Neglect,” 2010). Different attachment types are able relate to a caregivers parenting style and have the ability to impact a child’s future personality and social development.…

    • 512 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Attachments are formed in the very earliest months and years of life. These have a significant influence on emotional development as well as providing a template for the child as he or she grows into adulthood…

    • 2145 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays