Cross Sectional Study

Development

1. What is habituation? How is it used to study infant abilities? 2. At birth, babies have the abilities to 1) recognize patterns, 2) respond to their mother’s voices, 3) learn. We saw three videos illustrating the research behind these claims. What was the evidence that babies can learn events? 3. What is a cross-sectional study? What is a longitudinal study? What is a cohort? 4. What emotions are found in babies at birth? What emotions appear between 2-4 months? 5. What is the effect of deprivation on development? Define teratogen. Identify some common teratogens. Identify the causes and symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). 6. The lecturer provided two examples of how enrichment can enhance development:
Dr. Koenig observed that the False Belief Test measured transient changes. She sought evidence of more stable and lasting knowledge differences. Her research has found that children could identify and mistrust an unreliable informant at what ages? How do her findings expand the findings from the Theory of Mind research? 13. What changes occur in language development? What are the stages of speech production from birth to adult fluency? (this was also covered on Cognitive.) 14. What is universal adaptability? By what age does it seem to go away? What was Janet Werker’s method? When researchers looked at whether or not the loss of universal adaptability could be reversed, what did they find? What is the role of social interaction in language learning? 15. What drives specialization of language, maturation or experience? What is the evidence? That is, are language capacities innate or are they learned? What is the evidence for resilience? 16. According to Dr Koenig, what cognitive and social capacities are shared with other species? What sets humans apart from other species? What is symbolic representation? When does it
What is meant by inclusive fitness? What is the reasoning for the evidence that step-parents are more likely to be abusive than biological parents?

Intelligence, Behavior Genetics and Individual differences

1. What is the study of individual differences (also known as differential psychology) and what kinds of questions does it study? What is the Nature versus Nurture controversy? Why is differential psychology prone to controversy? What was the eugenics movement? 2. What is the basic logic of a behavior genetics study? How can this method tease apart nature versus nurture questions? What role does the shared environment play in making people more alike? What is the role of the unshared environment? 3. Who was Francis Galton? Alfred Binet? What were their contributions to intelligence research? 4. How is intelligence defined? What does it mean to say that “intelligence” is a theoretical construct? 5. What are things that correlate with intelligence? 6. Is intelligence one thing or multifaceted? What is the evidence that intelligence is one thing? What is “g”? What is the evidence that intelligence is multifaceted? What is Gardner’s theory, and what are criticisms of it? What are crystallized and fluid