Preview

Crimazole Case Study

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1389 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Crimazole Case Study
Topical microemulsion systems for the antifungal activity containing Clotrimazole are designed to overcome the problems associated with its low solubility (0.49 mg/L) and slow dissolution in aqueous solutions. In this study, Clotrimazole was incorporated in jambhul honey microemulsion formulation without causing instability of the emulsion. The solubility of Clotrimazole in various oils, surfactants and cosurfactants was assessed to finalize the components of the w/o and o/w microemulsions. The pseudoternary diagrams were plotted to recognize the area of microemulsion region. The effect of Smix (surfactant:cosurfactant weight ratio) on the microemulsion region has been determined and optimum systems were developed. Eight Clotrimazole microemulsion formulations, each four of water/oil (isopropyl myristae/Tween 80/phophotidyl choline/water) and oil/water (oleic acid/Cremophor EL/Transcutol P/water) were prepared and evaluated. The …show more content…
albicans, Trichophyton, Malassezia and Epidermophyton. Clotrimazole’s short bioavailability after oral administration is related with its low solubility (0.49 mg/L), lipophilic character, and slow dissolution in aqueous solutions. As a result, oral drug administration leads to occurrence of neurological reactions and gastrointestinal disorders. It is a productive drug when used topically in the form of creams, gels, vaginal tablets, suppositories lozenges, and ointments. However, its low solubility is a complication in the treatment of cutaneous diseases through topical delivery. The drug should be administered to the site of infection in a topical dosage form in an adequate concentration in order to achieve effective treatment. Hence, improving its solubility and rate of release is essential to achieve rapid antimycotic activity
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    Pros And Cons Of Agomelatine
    • 305 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Pros And Cons Of Agomelatine

    A major hurdle that has prevented the commercialization of many promising poorly soluble drug candidates is dissolution rate-limited bioavailability or permeation rate-limited bioavailability. Buccal route of administration provides better penetration of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and a reduced risk in comparison to conventional treatments. This leads to greater therapeutic efficacy, provides a more comfortable administration for the patient and allows preventing over dose.…

    • 305 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Sb202
    • 899 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Sb202

    This study was a Phase 2 clinical trial conducted in multiple centers in Latin America. It is a double-blind, vehicle-controlled, three-arm study and subjects were randomized 1:1:1 into one of the three treatment arms – Vehicle, SB204 1% and SB204 4%. The dosage of the topical gel was 900mg and subjects were to apply…

    • 899 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Explain How Medications Are Stored And Supplied In Healthcare Facilities
    • 858 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Explain How Medications Are Stored And Supplied In Healthcare Facilities

    Local Effects: Topical application (applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes) can cause a local effect. Anti-inflammatory creams and lotions and medications to relieve itching are examples of medications used for their local effects. These may be applied to the mucous membranes of the eye, mouth, nose, throat, vagina, or rectum by instillation, irrigation, swabbing, or spraying. The advantage of local medications is that their affects are limited to the area of application, thus reducing the possibility of undesired systemic reactions.…

    • 858 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    Antimicrobial Lab Report
    • 1105 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Antimicrobial Lab Report

    In this lab, chemotherapeutic agents were evaluated by the disk-diffusion method. Chemotherapeutic agents are placed on the surface of a Petri plate containing Mueller-Hinton agar, which allows the agents to diffuse freely, and a growth medium is incubated over its’ surface. During incubation, the chemotherapeutic agents move from levels of high concentration, to low levels of concentration. To be effective, the agent must inhibit bacteria growth and measurements that were made by the zones of inhibition around the Petri disk. Zone size is affected by diffusion rate of the antibiotic and growth rate of the organism. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is represented by the concentration of chemotherapeutic that stands at the edge of the zone of inhibition. The MIC is determined by comparing the zone of inhibition with the *Table 1 MIC values. The cultures assigned were Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive…

    • 1105 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Gastrointestinal Tract Infection Case Study
    • 1317 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Gastrointestinal Tract Infection Case Study

    The initial administration of Tiacarillin Clavulanate was used to reduce the number of the patients’ drug-resistant bacteria and maintain…

    • 1317 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Homework Module 5
    • 958 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Homework Module 5

    There are several methods of drug administration. They are: oral which is by mouth, its effect is slower and less efficient because they must be absorbed in the small intestine and then, depending on their molecular structures, are broken down or activated in the liver before being transported to the correct area of action (GCU, 2012). Another route is sublingual or buccal. These methods rely on the capillaries under the tongue or in the cheek for quick absorption. Medications such as nitroglycerin are given this way (GCU, 2012). A third method is topical. Medications given topically are applied to the skin and absorbed as they diffuse through the epidermis (GCU, 2012). A forth way is rectal. Medications may also be absorbed by the capillaries in the rectum. This is a useful route in patients who cannot take medications by mouth due to nausea, vomiting, or extreme disease of the mouth (GCU, 2012). A final way would be parenteral. This method involves administering medication intravenously, intradermal, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, and intrathecally (GCU, 2012). The best and most preferred route to give medication is orally. The…

    • 958 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Elimite
    • 435 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Elimite

    Dosage: In both adult and children, Elimite cream should be thoroughly massaged into the skin from the head to the feet’s sole. The scalp of the adult is hardly infested by the scabies, even though in infants and geriated patients it may infest the hairline, neck, temple, and forehead. The cream should be removed after 8 to 14 hours by washing .if the patients experience constant pruritus after treatment it usually a sign a failure in treatment and one should not take advantage to be retreated…

    • 435 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Research Paper
    • 131 Words
    • 1 Page

    Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Research Paper

    Antimicrobial medications have brought on an emotional change during the treatment of infectious illnesses as well as destiny of humanity. Antimicrobial chemotherapy made exceptional advances, bringing about the excessively hopeful view that infectious illnesses would be occupied soon. On the other hand, as a general rule, developing and re-emerging infectious diseases have abandoned us confronting a countercharge from infections. Being infections with drug resistant organisms remain a significant issue in medical practice that is difficult to solve (Saga and Yamaguchi, 2009).…

    • 131 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    The Trichomoniasis
    • 634 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The Trichomoniasis

    The treatment is based on the administration of metronidazole, a very active drug on parasites such as Trichomonas vaginalis and some types of bacteria. The drug, not indicated during pregnancy, may cause nausea or leave a metallic aftertaste in the mouth, so it should be taken after eating. During treatment they should not be taken alcohol, which greatly increase the feeling of nausea and / or vomiting, and all sexual partners should follow treatment simultaneously, abstaining from sexual intercourse until the completion of the therapy and the symptoms have…

    • 634 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Biochemistry
    • 19283 Words
    • 78 Pages

    Biochemistry

    Piperazine (generic, Vermizine) Oral: piperazine citrate tablets equivalent to 250 mg of the hexahydrate; piperazine citrate syrup equivalent to 500 mg of the hexahydrate per 5 mL Praziquantel (Biltricide; others outside the USA) Oral: 600 mg tablets (other strengths outside the USA) Pyrantel pamoate (Antiminth, Combantrin, Pin-rid, Pin-X) Oral: 50 mg (base)/mL suspension; 62.5 mg (base) capsules (available without prescription in the USA) Suramin (Bayer 205, others) Parenteral: ampules containing 0.5 or 1 g powder to be reconstituted as a 10% solution and used immediately Note: Suramin is not marketed in the USA but can be obtained from the Parasitic Disease Drug Service, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, 404-639-3670. Thiabendazole (Mintezol) Oral: 500 mg chewable tablets; suspension, 500 mg/mL…

    • 19283 Words
    • 78 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    antimicrobial agents
    • 940 Words
    • 4 Pages

    antimicrobial agents

    Leekha, S., Terrell, L.C., & Edson, S. R. (2010). General principles of antimicrobial therapy. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 86(2): 156-167. Retrieved from Walden Library database.…

    • 940 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Drugs and Chemicals
    • 847 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Drugs and Chemicals

    There are different types of G6PD deficiency, an individual need to know the type of G6PD that they have inherited because each types of G6PD deficiency react to drugs differently and some may not react to some of the drugs and chemicals listed here. This is not a comprehensive list there are drugs and chemicals that may also be harmful to those with G6PD deficiency that are not on this list an individual should always consult their doctor for advice before taking any medication.…

    • 847 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Isolation Precaution
    • 952 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Isolation Precaution

    The overuse of antimicrobial agents is one of the major factors in the development and spread of drug resistance in organisms, as well as in colonization and infection by drug-resistant organisms. Treatment regimens for all infections should be based on susceptibility test results when available. There are bacteria that require contact precautions such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistant enterococci(VRE), extended-spectrum beta-lactamses(ESBL), Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridium difficile (C-diff), carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). We will focus on commonly found organisms such as MRSA and C-Diff.…

    • 952 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Posaconazole Case Study
    • 1231 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Posaconazole Case Study

    Since 2002, voriconazole, a triazole antifungal agent, was used in practice as a prophylaxis drug against IFI in neutropenic patients with AML (2,3,8), deposit that there was no large randomized studies performed - at that time- to assess its efficacy in preventing IFI in these specific patients (2,8). On the other hand, posaconazole, which was introduced in the market in 2006, was shown to reduce the incidence of IFI in patients who went through induction chemotherapy for AML (8,9). For example: Cornely et al. showed that posaconazole prophylaxis is superior to fluconazole or itraconazole in reducing IFI incidence (occurrence rate is 2% in posaconazole arm versus 8% in fluconazole/itraconazole group, p-value <0.001) and mortality rate (P=0.04) during AML chemotherapy induction phase (10). However, studies that evaluate the efficacy of posaconazole compared with voriconazole are yet not performed. Thus, there is a gap of knowledge in determining if posaconazole will be also superior to voriconazole (the standard line) in preventing IFI in AML patients. Moreover, there is no pharmacoeconomic study preformed to compare these agents for that…

    • 1231 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Closantel Case Study
    • 1498 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Closantel Case Study

    Abstract Background Closantel is a halogenated salicylanilides with a potent anti parasiticanti-parasitic activity, . although Although Closantel it is widely used in the management of parasitic infestation in animals, but it is contraindicated in humans. Case Report A 34-year-old depressed mood man with a depressed mood was referred with bilateral progressive loss of vision in both eyes 10 days following after the inadvertent ingestion of three 500 mg tablets of Closantel. On fundus examination, left optic disc margin was blurred. His bilateral visual acuity was no light perception (NLP) despite prescribed His bilateral light perception, visual acuity showed no response to I.V. erythropoietin 20000 units daily for three days and 1gr intravenous…

    • 1498 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More

Related Topics