In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, John Proctor is a tragic hero with the flaw that is committing adultery with Abigail. He soon realizes all his mistakes and confess all his sin and meets a death. He represents his individual freedom more than anyone else throughout the book while the Salem court and the Puritan theocracy represent repression of individual freedom. The start of the witchcraft causes chaos to the town, church, and the court instead of bringing peace to a community. The Salem rules over and overpowers the individual freedom of people in the town while John Proctor continue to keep his individual freedom.…
At the beginning of chapter 5, Jo is in her exercise clothes, and Meg can not believe that Jo decides to go out on such a cold, wet day. Jo heads over to her neighbor’s house, the Laurences. Ever since the New Year’s Party, Jo has wanted to talk with Laurie. To get his attention, she throws a snowball at his window. Laurie pokes his head out and explains that he is very sick and very bored, so he can not go outside.…
and Frank Lloyd Wright fit into the puzzle of progressivism by displaying the notion of…
Welcome, valued guests of the public. As you have previously been told, I have been asked here to take part in the launch of the new book collection under the category of ‘Belonging’. Now, before we get started, what actually is belonging? It’s a connection. Belonging to a person, a place, or a group, gives us a special relationship that only those involved can understand. Today, we will delve into this concept of belonging, and more specifically, we will explore how disconnection can lead to heightened sense of acceptance.…
In addition, Danforth did not allow people to have their own opinions about the court of Salem. He suppressed the individual freedom of a person to have their own attitude about the court and express that opinion. Danforth believed that “a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there is no road in between” (Miller 94). He did not anyone to go against his opinion and if they did, he saw it as a rebellion against the court. As a result of this, he even went on to say that “if retaliation is your fear, know this- I should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law” (Miller 129). He was not afraid to make his opinion known and to threaten the people of Salem. Danforth did not want to be proven wrong by anyone.…
Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was born in 1818 near Easton, Maryland to Harriet Bailey (a slave) and an unidentified white man (rumored to be Harriet’s master, Aaron Anthony). He spent the majority of his childhood under the care of his grandparents, and rarely saw his mother until she died in 1826, when he was seven years old. During his life in Easton, he experienced the brutality of slavery firsthand, witnessing beatings, whippings, and hunger.…
In the High Middle Ages of Europe, a particular argument over the appointment of churchmen turned into a general struggle for leadership in Christian society. During this time, Henry IV was emperor of Germany and Gregory VII was the Pope. The controversy between these men brought about many issues. In 1706, these issues are brought up in a long letter written by Henry IV. He addresses this letter to the Pope (Noble 250).…
Born in Eisleben, Germany, back in 1483, Martin Luther went ahead to become one of the most prominent figures in the entire Western history. Luther spent the early years of his life in relative anonymity serving as a monk and a scholar. However, in 1517, he was able to pan a document that was attacking the Catholic Church for practicing corrupt practices that involved selling “indulgences” to absolve sin. Through his “95 Theses,” he was able to pronounce two central beliefs that sparked the Protestant Reformation; hence leading to the thesis that Martin’s writing created unending divisions in the Catholic Church ever while his ideas shaped the Protestantism that emerged later. The paper analyzes the issues that Luther presented for the debate…
“The Crucible” by Arthur Miller talks about a time where people felt conflicted between what the church stated and what was happening in society. Miller states, “The Salem tragedy…developed from a paradox….Simply it was this: for good purposes, even high purposes, the people of Salem developed a theocracy, a combination of state and religious power whose function was to keep the community together, and to prevent any kind of disunity that might open it to destruction by material or ideological enemies”(I. Page 7). In other words, the people living in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 existed in a society where one's were included or excluded based on their adherence to religious norms. Hence, it led to the series of events that erupted throughout Salem. Just like the play, Romeo and Juliet, the Crucible is a tragedy. Tragedy: an event causing great suffering, destruction, and…
Jan Hus was a Czech Roman Catholic preacher and writer in Prague. His teachings were influenced by the English theologian Wyclif. Wyclif was one of the earliest opponents of papal authority influencing political power; he started anticlerical and biblically centered reforms known as the Lollard Movement. The Lollard Movement was a precursor to the protestant reformation. Likewise, Hus called for radical reforms in the church. Of primary concern to Hus was the designation of the Pontiff, or Pope, within the church. Based on his radical views and strong opposition to the church’s foundational belief that the pope is the head of the church, Jan Hus was accused of heresy and was condemned. Hus recorded his perspective and teachings in monographs which were used by his accusers to build a case against him. Of the thirty-nine sentences read to him at his trial, twenty-six of them were based on his work “The Church.” Because Hus refused to renounce his beliefs he was burned at the stake, becoming a national martyr against the Catholic Church.…
The Protestant Reformation was a political, cultural, intellectual, and religious movement that disrupted Catholic Europe. Martin Luther started the religious movement in the 16th century. This religious movement caused a break in the Catholic Church. During this time, “the invention of printing with movable type helped spread the Protestant message” (Text, 458). The movement created different types of Christians. Luther’s model of Christian life based on faith alone introduced John Calvin’s model of predestination. Both Protestant reformers believed that the word of God was the key to the life of a Christian, but St. Ignatius believed otherwise. He believed in the idea that faith and religious actions together were the key to living the life…
Martin Luther, the son of Han Luther a copper miner, was a monk and theologian who challenged Catholicism. When Luther wrote his “Ninety Five Theses” he was attaching the Catholic Church and their practice of selling indulges to set free the sins of those who purchased these indulges and the purchase of church offices. It is said that Martin Luther’s ‘Ninety Five Theses’ had two central beliefs. One belief being that the bible is the central religious authority and that humans can only reach salvation by their faith and not by their good deeds. Another belief was that Martin Luther wrote his “Ninety Five Theses” to start the protestant reformation.…
Founding fathers of the Reformation, Martin Luther and John Calvin are the source of two great currents of Protestantism. Beyond what unites them, one and the other are carriers of two very different worldviews. The two men are alike in anything. One is in one piece. It is square, it is thundering, he does not know (nor want) decline. The other has a long face, beard and pointy nose, sideways glance. It has also a will of iron, but he knows to win by negotiating. The first is a short-tempered, which has continued, throughout his life, to fulminate against "papisteries" and "moineries", the second a melancholy. Although they are born at twenty-five years apart, one could say that Luther is still a "former" while Calvin is already a "Modern".…
The church has historically promoted education and the improvement of the mind. The Reformer John Calvin was a strong advocate for universal education, believing that every child should be trained in reading, writing, math, and grammar, as well as religion. Martin Luther taught that education was essential, “both to understand the Word of Scripture and the nature of the world in which the Word would take root.” The modern Sunday school movement began in 1780 when Robert Raikes began educating poor children who were otherwise overlooked by society. Most universities, including Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Oxford, and Cambridge, were founded by Christians as religious schools.…
The emergence of Protestant Reformation brought about different views of life concerning religion, administration, and education. The theological basis of question—first introduced by Martin Luther, and further developed by John Calvin—motivated and instilled the power of individual thought and self-reliance, rather than dependence on the Catholic Church. “Luther recently had come to a new understanding of salvation which held that it came through faith alone. Neither the good works of the sinner nor the sacraments of the Church had any bearing on the eternal destiny of the soul, for faith was a free gift of God, graciously granted to his needy and undeserving people” (pp. 722). The belief of Martin Luther associates that Bible teachings were to be interpreted by the individual reader’s conscience and interpretation and not the Church. Inadvertently, Luther’s actions challenged the authority of the Church and its hierarchy, provoking mass schism within the Church, and moreover, Christianity abroad. Since the fragmentation of the two major sects of Christianity—Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church—Catholicism solely controlled religious, educational, economic, and political rule throughout Europe. There was no legal alternative. As power and ignorance built up over the centuries, anyone who went against the Church was considered a heretic and killed publicly at the stake. Catholic…