CO2 Capture
CO2 Capture Technologies and Opportunities in
Canada
“Strawman Document for CO2 capture and Storage (CC&S)
Technology Roadmap”
Murlidhar Gupta, Irene Coyle and Kelly Thambimuthu
CANMET Energy Technology Centre
Natural Resources Canada
1st Canadian CC&S Technology Roadmap Workshop,
18-19 September 2003, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
1
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Introduction
CO2 emission profile in Canada
How to capture CO2
Types of CO2 capture technologies
4.1 Chemical/physical absorption
4.1.1 Chemical absorption
4.1.1.1 Organic solvents
4.1.1.1.1 Amines
4.1.1.1.2 Sterically hindered amines
4.1.1.2 Inorganic solvents
4.1.1.2.1 Ammonia
4.1.2 Physical absorption
4.1.3 Hybrid absorption processes
4.2 Adsorption
4.3 Cryogenic
4.4 Membranes
4.4.1 Gas separation membranes
4.4.2 Gas absorption membranes
5. CO2 capture opportunities in Canada
5.1 Electricity generation
5.1.1 Post combustion capture
5.1.2 Pre-combustion capture
5.1.3 Oxy-fuel combustion
5.1.3.1 Novel oxyfuel capture concepts
5.1.3.1.1 MATIANT cycle
5.1.3.1.2 Graz cycle
5.1.3.1.3 Chemical looping combustion
5.2 CO2 capture opportunities in non-power sector
5.2.1 Iron and steel production
5.2.2 Cement production
5.2.3 Hydrogen/Ammonia production
5.2.4 Natural gas processing
5.2.5 Oil refining
5.3 CO2 capture costs: by sector
6. Future trends
References
2
1.
Introduction
Currently 90% of the world’s primary energy requirement is supplied by fossil fuels, causing rising emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and related concerns over global warming and climate change. CO2 is by far the most important of the GHGs, being responsible for about 64% of the enhanced greenhouse effect. As a result of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, atmospheric concentrations have risen by 30% from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm to 360 ppm today, primarily as a consequence of fossil fuel use. However, at the current state of development, and the levels of risks and cost of
Canada
“Strawman Document for CO2 capture and Storage (CC&S)
Technology Roadmap”
Murlidhar Gupta, Irene Coyle and Kelly Thambimuthu
CANMET Energy Technology Centre
Natural Resources Canada
1st Canadian CC&S Technology Roadmap Workshop,
18-19 September 2003, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
1
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Introduction
CO2 emission profile in Canada
How to capture CO2
Types of CO2 capture technologies
4.1 Chemical/physical absorption
4.1.1 Chemical absorption
4.1.1.1 Organic solvents
4.1.1.1.1 Amines
4.1.1.1.2 Sterically hindered amines
4.1.1.2 Inorganic solvents
4.1.1.2.1 Ammonia
4.1.2 Physical absorption
4.1.3 Hybrid absorption processes
4.2 Adsorption
4.3 Cryogenic
4.4 Membranes
4.4.1 Gas separation membranes
4.4.2 Gas absorption membranes
5. CO2 capture opportunities in Canada
5.1 Electricity generation
5.1.1 Post combustion capture
5.1.2 Pre-combustion capture
5.1.3 Oxy-fuel combustion
5.1.3.1 Novel oxyfuel capture concepts
5.1.3.1.1 MATIANT cycle
5.1.3.1.2 Graz cycle
5.1.3.1.3 Chemical looping combustion
5.2 CO2 capture opportunities in non-power sector
5.2.1 Iron and steel production
5.2.2 Cement production
5.2.3 Hydrogen/Ammonia production
5.2.4 Natural gas processing
5.2.5 Oil refining
5.3 CO2 capture costs: by sector
6. Future trends
References
2
1.
Introduction
Currently 90% of the world’s primary energy requirement is supplied by fossil fuels, causing rising emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and related concerns over global warming and climate change. CO2 is by far the most important of the GHGs, being responsible for about 64% of the enhanced greenhouse effect. As a result of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, atmospheric concentrations have risen by 30% from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm to 360 ppm today, primarily as a consequence of fossil fuel use. However, at the current state of development, and the levels of risks and cost of
References: powered by renewable or nuclear sources is as yet not cost-effective (Hoffert et al., 2002). Saskatchewan-see Figure 1), are expected to remain a major component of Canada’s energy supply in the near future (CEO, 1999). (BAU). It is estimated that in the Kyoto compliance period (2008-2012), this gap will increase to the tune of 240 Mt of CO2 equivalent (Pearson, 2003) Figure 3 and Figure 4 give a break-up of Canada’s GHG emission profile for industrial and upstream oil and gas sector (CEO, 1999) Most of these emission sources are located in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) (CEO, 1999). American hydrocarbon producer, accounting for 94% of Canada’s oil and 99% of Canada’s gas production (CERI, 2002) Figure 3: Canada’s emission profile : industrial sector (CEO, 1999) Figure 4: Canada’s emission profile: upstream oil and gas sector (CEO, 1999)