Childhood Studies Self-Changing Childhood

Student Number: 13043419
Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Childhood Studies and Guidance and Counselling
PP0618
Childhood Studies - Changing Childhood (Part B)
(3093 words)

The Industrial Revolution that started in the early 1800s saw great change in the common person’s work life. Economies largely dependent on the primary agriculture industries started to diversify into the secondary manufacturing industries as people moved away from farming for a living to working in factories for regular wages. It was a period of rapid growth for firms in the production sector and job opportunities were ample as factories boomed. These jobs were largely labour intensive and did not require specific sets of skills. Hence, uneducated and
The Forster Act attempted to provide elementary education for all children aged 5-13. Prior to this, the state had not taken accountability over the need for basic education. The Act resulted in the first local school boards that could compel attendance. However, many of these local authority-run schools did not make use of the given entitlement. The need for greater action was observed and the act was then improvised in 1879 (Sandon’s Act). It highlighted compulsory elementary education for all children and placed the responsibility on parents to make sure that their children were present at school. The Sandon’s Act also created committees in schools to monitor and enforce attendance. In 1880, the Education Act was then added on with school attendance for children aged between 5 and 10 made compulsory. The Education Act also covered children up to the age of 14 unless an exemption certificate was permitted. An exemption could be obtained if the child had met a required number of attendances (250 attendances per year for 10 -12 year olds and 150 per year for those over 12) or if the child had obtained a ‘labour certificate’, verifying that he/she had attained the educational standard required by local by-laws and/or had a paid job to go to (U.K Education Acts since 1800, 2010). New schools were built and school attendance increased even with resistance to the call for
This organisation advocates on children eating healthier diets (Childrensfoodtrust.org.uk, 2014). They provide specialist advice, training and support to anyone who provides food for children. In 2013, the Deputy Prime Minister, Nick Clegg, has announced £1 billion for the Department of Education to fund the free school meals commitment (Gov.uk, 2013). The government would be providing revenue funding of £450 million in 2014 to 2015 and £635 million in 2015 to 2016 to the Department for Education (DfE) to fund this commitment. This is new money into the DfE budget. It will also make £150 million of capital accessible for the upgrading of kitchens and dining capacity. £70 million of this will be new money from the Treasury (HMT) and around £80 million will be from leftover DfE maintenance