Childhood, Stress, Prenatal, Coping
Abstract
The major issues that will be addressed in this research are, how a stressed mother affects prenatal development of the fetus, how children living in families with poverty have lower cognitive and language development from stress, and the long-lasting effects that this stress may leave on the child. As well as, research into various coping mechanisms to lessen the effects of stress-induced poverty of a developing child.
Keywords: Childhood, Poverty, Stress, Prenatal, Coping
Table of Contents-
Introduction
The central research problem that will be discussed in this paper is the connection between poverty and stress. Specifically, how the stress induced from poverty affects a child’s life and development from their prenatal …show more content…
As well as this procedure they were tested using “The Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)” in the prenatal and postnatal appointments. This is a test that “is a widely used index of anxiety symptoms and has considerable validity, reliability, and clinical Utility” (O’Connor et al. 2012). During the postnatal visit the mothers also completed the “Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS)” which is used to test mother depression. The infants were tested postnatally by swabbing for saliva before and after the “Strange situation”, which is a test of separation and reunion of the mother and child which would test the parent-child relationship quality and the acute stress reaction.
There are other studies that investigate the effects of stress on child development during the prenatal period. In Tess Lefmann and Terri Combs-Orme’s research “Prenatal stress, Poverty, and Child Outcomes” (2014), they investigate and accumulate information what stress is, and the specific effects it has on developing fetuses such as Reduced Uterplacental Blood flow, Trans-placental Transport of Maternal Stress Hormones, and Fetal Programing, and how this ultimately affects brain
The major issues that will be addressed in this research are, how a stressed mother affects prenatal development of the fetus, how children living in families with poverty have lower cognitive and language development from stress, and the long-lasting effects that this stress may leave on the child. As well as, research into various coping mechanisms to lessen the effects of stress-induced poverty of a developing child.
Keywords: Childhood, Poverty, Stress, Prenatal, Coping
Table of Contents-
Introduction
The central research problem that will be discussed in this paper is the connection between poverty and stress. Specifically, how the stress induced from poverty affects a child’s life and development from their prenatal …show more content…
As well as this procedure they were tested using “The Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)” in the prenatal and postnatal appointments. This is a test that “is a widely used index of anxiety symptoms and has considerable validity, reliability, and clinical Utility” (O’Connor et al. 2012). During the postnatal visit the mothers also completed the “Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS)” which is used to test mother depression. The infants were tested postnatally by swabbing for saliva before and after the “Strange situation”, which is a test of separation and reunion of the mother and child which would test the parent-child relationship quality and the acute stress reaction.
There are other studies that investigate the effects of stress on child development during the prenatal period. In Tess Lefmann and Terri Combs-Orme’s research “Prenatal stress, Poverty, and Child Outcomes” (2014), they investigate and accumulate information what stress is, and the specific effects it has on developing fetuses such as Reduced Uterplacental Blood flow, Trans-placental Transport of Maternal Stress Hormones, and Fetal Programing, and how this ultimately affects brain