Chem Lab 2

Experiment no. 2
Classification of Matter
Morillo, Mary Jane J.
Nidua, Maria Angelene
Group no. 2/Chemistry Lab./Engr. Ma. Jeanette U. Obias Abstract

The classification of matter was demonstrated through simple activities of mixture, heating and magnetic attraction describing its physical state , its chemical reactions and its separation to other substances. Simple reagents such as Iron filings and Sulfur powder in our experiment were considered as elements, while solid mixtures such as Fe filings and S powder were classified as heterogenous because after combining it their properties were still distinguishable from each other but when heated it is already considered as a solution. Water and Sodium Chloride were compounds given they are two or more elements, while mixing them we were able to create a solution. The Nacl that dissolves into H20 are techinically dissociated into ions but after heating it the table salt comes back without H20.

Introduction Matter is anything that occupies space and has a mass. It can be classified into elements, compounds and mixtures. Pure substances are divided into categories as elements and compounds. Elements cannot be divided into simpler substances. Compounds are substances composed of two or more elements. Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity. Mixtures can be described through homogenous mixture and heterogenous mixture.Homogenous mixtures has components that are indistingushable with each other e.g. (colloids) while Heterogenous mixtues ' components can be distinguished from each other e.g. (suspensions). Mixtures can be separated by physical changes through distillation, decantation, evaporation,and the use of magnet.

Materials and Methods
The reagents that we used are the following: Iron fillings, Distilled Water, Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Sulfur. The equipments:100ml Beaker, Bunsen Burner, watch Glass, Stirring rod, Magnet, Mortar &Pestle, 50ml graduated Cylinder, Evaporating Dish,Wire Gauze, Test Tube.
In the iron filings and sulfur experiment we placed it on two different watch glasses to observe its physical state and appearance. We also applied a magnet for each and observed its effects. After that we combined the two substances using a mortar and a pestle and obsrved it same to classify what type of matter it is. Then we transferred the mixture in the test tube and applied some heat then we observed for changes.
In the Sodium Chloride and water Experiment we put the solutions into the beaker and graduated cylinder and observe their physical state and appearance. Then we mix the solutions in a beaker and stirred continuosly until the Sodium chloride dissolve in distilled water. After that through the process of evaporating the H20, it turns the liquid into a gaseous form and it forms a residue(table salt).

Results and Discussion: Iron Filing and Sulfur experiment Reagent | Classification | Iron Filing | Element | Sulfur Powder | Element | Iron Filing + Sulfur Powder | Heterogenous Mixture | Heated Iron Filing + Sulfur Powder | Compound |

Sodium Chloride and Water Experiment Reagent | Classification | Distilled Water | Compound | Sodium Chloride | Compound | Sodium Chloride + Distilled Water | Solution | Evaporated Mixture of Sodium Chloride and Water | Compound |
Elements like Iron filings and Sulfur powder cannot be separated into simpler substances anymore either by physical means or chemical means because it has it own individual property. Compounds such as Fe+S can still be separated because their physical properties are still distinguishable from each other, a magnet can be used in order to separate them since the iron filings has a characteristic of magnetic attraction while the powder has none. Heating both the Fe+S a solution was formed due to the chemical reaction of combustion, the Sulfur powder was diminished whil the Iron filings retained. In the sodium chloride and water experiment, we can say that NaCl and H20 are both compound because they contain 2 elements combined with different characteristics from its individual components. NaCl basically is table salt and when conidering its individual properties there will definitely be a noticeable difference in it. Compounds can be separated by chemical means only. NaCl+H20 when combined forms a solution or a homogenous mixture, it can be separated by physical means, so we used heat to evaporate the water and technically the salt popped out of the solution. Guide Questions:
1.Methods that can seperate the componenets of the following mixture:
a. starch and rice – Decantation is a process for the separation of mixture by pouring the solution from a container leaving the precipitatein the bottom of container.
b. oil and water- Floatation because oils have low density as compared to water. And oils are non polar organic compounds while water is a polar compounds, so oil can not mix with water and floats on water surface.
c. sugar and sand – Filtration by dissolving first the solution of sugar then filter it leaving only the sand as the residue. d. acetone, alcohol, and water – Distillaton since this are all liquid solution the mixture can only be seperated by different boiling point. 2. Classify the following substances: Copper | Element | NaCl | Compound | Magnesium Metal | Element | Wine | Mixture | Cake | Mixture | Corn Syrup | Mixture | Water | Compound | Air | Mixture | Conclusion and Recommendation:
Elements have individual properties and it could not be anymore separated into simpler substances by any means possible. Compounds are two or more elements combined with a definite proportion that underwent any chemical reaction but they have different properties from the elements that form it, they can also be broken down or separated by chemical means but not physical. Mixtures are combinations of 2 or more substances that are physically combined therefore substances in a mixture keep their identities. Mixtures can also be separated by various methods using physical means.
Separation in mixtures can be done by physical mean or chemical means, in separating the components one must take note of its physical properties. The various methods that can be used are Chromatography, filtration, evaporation, simple distillation, fractional distillation, decantation, sifting, picking and using a magnet.

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