Chara Dyes Analysis

The results of the experiments carriedout for the degradation of fabric dyes from aqueous solution using Chara and Chara beads are discussed below.Various analytical techniques like UV-Vis, FTIR spectroscopy were used to confirm the decolorization as UV-Vis spectroscopy; FT-IR spectroscopy and toxicity bioassay were truly used [14]. Also, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is widely used to confirm the product obtained after decolorization of dye degradation experiments [15]. It helps in determination of reaction progress step by step, as the decomposition and formation of new compounds during the reaction can be confirmed using this technique.

3.1. Dye degradation experiment
Total 6 fabric dyes and two laboratory dyes (Congo red and Crystal violet) were used for the study. The λmax of dyes was determined by spectrophotometer (UV Vis- 1800 Shimadzu, Jaipan Spectrophotometer) and further the dyes were incubated with Chara sp., Scenedesmus obliquus (S6) and algal extract of Chara extract beads. The optical density of the mixture was measured on 1st day and 5th day of incubation. On the basis of optical densities, the percentage of dye decolorization was calculated. The λmax of the dyes are presented in table 1 and the percentage of dye decolorization is
Out of 6 tested dyes, Chara extract precipitate more than 90% of dyes after 5th days of incubation. Maximum precipitation of FD2 dye occurred was about 98.28% and lowest percentage was observed in FD5 about 90.36%. Even though, the similar extract of Chara algae were used for beads preparation (Immobilization), different results were observed wherein maximum amount of FD3 dye (93.67%) was precipitated and minimum was FD5 (61.04%). The differences may be attributed to the specific enzymes present in extracts with the