Cell Division/DNA/Protein Synthesis
Eddie Lai
Clark 7
12/15/11
Cell Division/ DNA / Protein Synthesis Study guide
AA: Simple definition
AA: Simple explanation
AA: Detailed explanation/drawing
AA: Questions
1. What is transformation? * Movement of a gene from one organism to another
2. What did Griffith show? * Showed either protein or DNA causes transformation
3. What did Avery show? * Showed that DNA causes transformation or that DNA is hereditary material
4. What did Hershey & Chase show and how did they do it? * Showed DNA is the hereditary material
5. What is Chargaff's rule? * Purines = Pyrimidines => Adenine=Thymine, Cytosine=Guanine
6. What did Rosalind Franklin do? * X-ray diffraction experiments * Revealed …show more content…
What are the monomers and polymers of nucleic acids? * Monomers: Nucleotides(nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate) * Polymers: DNA and RNA
34. What are the three types of RNA and what does each do? * mRNA: carries the DNA code into the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs * tRNA: reads the code and carries the amino acid to be incorporated into the developing protein * rRNA: combines with protein to form ribosome where protein synthesis occurs
35. What is RNA polymerase and what does it do? * The enzyme that transcribes RNA from DNA
36. What is transcription and where does it occur? * Transcription: DNA information is transcribed into mRNA giving it its codon structure. Occurs in Nucleus.
37. What is translation and where does it occur? * Translation: the mRNA connects into ribosome. In the A and P sites, tRNA with their amino acids and their respective anticodons come in and build a protein. Occurs in cytoplasm
38. What are codons and …show more content…
Is Interphase part of mitosis? Explain your answer. * Interphase is NOT a part of mitosis because it’s basically just a preparation for mitosis and not actually mitosis. Mitosis is when the diploids are dividing and in interphase this doesn’t happen.
44. Draw Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase/Cytokinesis and explain what happens during each stage [BACK OF PAPER]
45. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis * Mitosis: cell divides only once and the result is exactly the same as the previous. It produces identical diploids * Meiosis: cell divides twice and it produces non-identical haploids. Synapses (pairing of homologous chromosomes) and Crossing over happen here
47. What is crossing over, why is it important, and when does it occur? * Crossing Over: two chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material * Importance: it creates vast numbers of possible combinations of alleles in the gametes * When: Meiosis prophase - 1
48. What are homologous chromosomes, when do they pair (synapse) and when are they separated? * A chromosome with the same gene sequence as another and pair up. They pair up in prophase-1 of meiosis. They separate in anaphase-1 of
Clark 7
12/15/11
Cell Division/ DNA / Protein Synthesis Study guide
AA: Simple definition
AA: Simple explanation
AA: Detailed explanation/drawing
AA: Questions
1. What is transformation? * Movement of a gene from one organism to another
2. What did Griffith show? * Showed either protein or DNA causes transformation
3. What did Avery show? * Showed that DNA causes transformation or that DNA is hereditary material
4. What did Hershey & Chase show and how did they do it? * Showed DNA is the hereditary material
5. What is Chargaff's rule? * Purines = Pyrimidines => Adenine=Thymine, Cytosine=Guanine
6. What did Rosalind Franklin do? * X-ray diffraction experiments * Revealed …show more content…
What are the monomers and polymers of nucleic acids? * Monomers: Nucleotides(nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate) * Polymers: DNA and RNA
34. What are the three types of RNA and what does each do? * mRNA: carries the DNA code into the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs * tRNA: reads the code and carries the amino acid to be incorporated into the developing protein * rRNA: combines with protein to form ribosome where protein synthesis occurs
35. What is RNA polymerase and what does it do? * The enzyme that transcribes RNA from DNA
36. What is transcription and where does it occur? * Transcription: DNA information is transcribed into mRNA giving it its codon structure. Occurs in Nucleus.
37. What is translation and where does it occur? * Translation: the mRNA connects into ribosome. In the A and P sites, tRNA with their amino acids and their respective anticodons come in and build a protein. Occurs in cytoplasm
38. What are codons and …show more content…
Is Interphase part of mitosis? Explain your answer. * Interphase is NOT a part of mitosis because it’s basically just a preparation for mitosis and not actually mitosis. Mitosis is when the diploids are dividing and in interphase this doesn’t happen.
44. Draw Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase/Cytokinesis and explain what happens during each stage [BACK OF PAPER]
45. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis * Mitosis: cell divides only once and the result is exactly the same as the previous. It produces identical diploids * Meiosis: cell divides twice and it produces non-identical haploids. Synapses (pairing of homologous chromosomes) and Crossing over happen here
47. What is crossing over, why is it important, and when does it occur? * Crossing Over: two chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material * Importance: it creates vast numbers of possible combinations of alleles in the gametes * When: Meiosis prophase - 1
48. What are homologous chromosomes, when do they pair (synapse) and when are they separated? * A chromosome with the same gene sequence as another and pair up. They pair up in prophase-1 of meiosis. They separate in anaphase-1 of