who followed him thought that power was a divine right and should be the absolute…
* The Orthodox Church followed this path as well and made Moscow the bureaucratic center of the Russian Orthodox Church…
Both Russian rulers largely reformed their country by introducing ideas and customs from Western Europe. Peter the Great was especially known for his trip to Western Europe and bringing back knowledge of finance, politics, military, etc. Through his reform of the military system and the nobility and construction of many factories, Peter brought Russia up to the surface from its longtime submersion under the ice. Catherine the Great was known for her adoption of Enlightenment ideas, even if she wasn’t able to get far in applying those ideas in Russia.…
2. Catherine the Great: German born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after the assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule…
Essay Question: Discuss the economic, social and political grievances in Russia at the turn of the C20th and their contribution to the downfall of the Romanov Dynasty.…
Catherine the Great was an absolutist leader who preached the benefits of the Enlightenment but made policy decisions in complete contradiction to Enlightenment ideals. After the death of her husband, Peter III (which Catherine may or may not have instigated) she assembled a legislative commission to draft a document that would reform Russia's code of laws. Not only were the serfs not represented at this meeting, but after the Pugachev uprising, Catherine dismissed the commission altogether, choosing to draft the code herself. Her reforms of the Russian government only reinforced to the power of the oppressive Russian nobility and increased serfdom within Russia and her newly conquered frontiers and colonies. Catherine's reign was rife with cronyism at its most severe, friends and lovers were granted complete control over huge swathes of land and the people who lived within them, tens of thousands of people were forced into virtual slavery due to the mere fact that their new landlord was an ex-lover of the Empress. The dissatisfaction of…
Catherine the Great was one of the greatest rulers Russia has ever had. While most of their rulers started wars and were focused on gaining land, she was more focused on improving the overall state of Russia. She was born in 1729 and died in 1796. At the age of 15, she was invited by Empress Elizabeth to meet and possibly marry the heir to the throne, Grand Duke Peter. However, the Duke was a very immature child.…
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Eastern Europe was marked by two powerful and influential rulers. Frederick the great of Prussia and Peter the Great of Russia. The rise of Prussia and the rise of Russia were comparatively similar, yet both had marked differences.…
Mary Tudor is the first queen regnant in the history of England, who reigned from 1553 until her demise in 1558. She is greatly recognized for her religious persecutions and execution of over 300 Protestant subjects (Loades 54). Mary Tudor, Queen of England, was given birth on the 18th of February 1516, at the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich. She became the only surviving baby of Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Mary was known as Mary 1, Queen of England and Ireland. After Edward's death, Mary challenged and fruitfully deposed the new queen, Lady Jane Grey, who was given the throne in a secret arrangement by Edward and his advisors (Loades 46). At first, she recognized the religious coexistence in her country, but she…
Pugachev Rebellion: Although Catherine scorned violence outside of the battlefield and believed in peaceful ideals, such as prevention over punishment and anti-torture, there was an occasion where she contradicted herself. This occurred when dealing with one of the greatest peasant revolts of Russia. She initially wanted to improve the lives of the lower classes, but later came to the realization that Russia wasn’t ready for those changes yet and doing so would upset the people she relied on most to keep her position on the throne secure, the nobility. They helped place her there and were her biggest supporters; their power was also the greatest potential threat to her authority. The only peasant revolt that was big enough to cause Catherine any worry was the Pugachev Rebellion, led by Yemelian Pugachev, who pretended to be Tsar Peter III.…
Economically, Catherine tried to set up a system to eliminate trade barriers like taxes and tariffs. She also worked hard to build up the Russian middle class. She worked hard to build…
Eloquent, brilliant, unorthodox, poise, and loyal – all of these unique characteristics allowed Dashkova to gain the highest regard among the members of the elite society and more importantly, to earn the respect of Catherine the Great. Dashkova is a peculiar female character. She’s fully narcissistic, but at the same time, rejects her recognition and claims herself as unworthy of the credits Catherine II had given her. In her autobiography The Memoirs of Princess Dashkova, Dashkova justifies her role as a noble woman, her early-life contribution in helping Catherine rise to the throne, and the frugal life she bore as a widow and a mother of two. Dashkova voiced her significance in a society where women had limited power and no opportunities to be intellectually involved.…
Much of Catherine’s fame today came from stopping the Pugachev uprising. A man who claimed he was the deceased Peter III. It wasn’t long before he had thousands following him. They caused many riots, uprisings and violence over the course of several years. Finally, in late 1774 Catherine’s troops captured him, which sent a wave of relief across Russia’s peoples. Before she was able to appoint a rightful heir to her throne she died of a stroke on November 6, 1796. Her legacy continues to live on in Russia’s modern civilization.…
In accessing the actual "greatness" attributed to Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia during the European Enlightenment, one must look at all aspects of her rule. Her outgoing personality left her to be described as anything from "terrible" to "great". She could be deceptive yet honest, humorous yet firm, and light-hearted yet wise. Thus the Enlightenment would not have been a part of Russian history if not for the determination of Catherine the Great. Catherine the Great's exceptional character and illuminating visions brought Russia into the age of enlightenment.…
Like most things in Ivan’s life, his death was eventful. In 1548, his health started to fail and he became obsessed with his mortality. In 1553 he had a near fatal illness that left him desperate for a way to preserve himself. He called on the supernatural to heal him maybe proving that he did indeed have an illness of the mind as well as the body. He tried witches and soothsayers to sustain him but none of his remedies worked. Nearing the end, he was more unpredictable and irritable than ever before. Ivan the Terrible died on March 18, 1584 of a stroke leaving the kingdom in a state of jubilance. Later, a 1960’s examination revealed high levels of mercury in his body leading historians to believe Ivan had been poisoned. But, despite that unsurprising fact, Russia was free from terror. But it was not yet free of despair. Ivan IV had left his kingdom to his remaining son Feodor who led Russia into the Times of Trouble that ultimately put Russia in the Romanov Dynasty. Ivan did horrific things but he was not a complete blight on Russia. In fact, he was an important character in its development. In his thirty seven years on the throne, Ivan gave the Russian monarchy power and authority. He set down foundation for a new Russian state that had not only gained new land but was influenced by it.…