Bytr
Chapter 22: Nutrition and Digestion
Short-Answer Questions
1) What types of foods are characteristic of the diets of carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores?
Answer
Carnivores – have a diet that consists of meat which they get by killing and consuming other living animals, other animals that have died, or by sucking the fluids of other animals.
Herbivores – have a diet that consists of eating parts of plants such as leaves, fruit, stems, roots, or by extracting fluids from plants and consuming it.
Omnivores – have a diet that consists of both animals or their body fluids and plants or their fluids.
2) Why is it important for there to be protein in a person’s well balanced diet? What is its function?
Answer
The human body cannot make eight of the twenty needed amino acids, therefore, they must be consumed as part of the diet. The other types of amino acids may be produced by the body, but they require components of other consumed proteins. Proteins in the diet can be broken down into amino acids by the digestive system and rebuilt into needed proteins by cells of the body. They perform many functions including forming structures, forming enzymes, and use as an energy source, with excess energy being stored as fat.
3) Compare and contrast carbohydrates and lipids.
Answer
Both carbohydrates and lipids are organic compounds that are part of a well-balanced diet and are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are water soluble, but lipids are water insoluble and are therefore harder to transport in blood. Lipids are primarily an energy storage chemical that can be stored in fat tissue, and carbohydrates are generally used for immediate energy needs being stored to a much lesser degree. Lipids also act as an insulator and can form structures. Carbohydrates provide 4 kilocalories of energy per gram when broken down and fats produce 9 kilocalories of energy when broken down.
4) Compare and contrast vitamins and
Short-Answer Questions
1) What types of foods are characteristic of the diets of carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores?
Answer
Carnivores – have a diet that consists of meat which they get by killing and consuming other living animals, other animals that have died, or by sucking the fluids of other animals.
Herbivores – have a diet that consists of eating parts of plants such as leaves, fruit, stems, roots, or by extracting fluids from plants and consuming it.
Omnivores – have a diet that consists of both animals or their body fluids and plants or their fluids.
2) Why is it important for there to be protein in a person’s well balanced diet? What is its function?
Answer
The human body cannot make eight of the twenty needed amino acids, therefore, they must be consumed as part of the diet. The other types of amino acids may be produced by the body, but they require components of other consumed proteins. Proteins in the diet can be broken down into amino acids by the digestive system and rebuilt into needed proteins by cells of the body. They perform many functions including forming structures, forming enzymes, and use as an energy source, with excess energy being stored as fat.
3) Compare and contrast carbohydrates and lipids.
Answer
Both carbohydrates and lipids are organic compounds that are part of a well-balanced diet and are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are water soluble, but lipids are water insoluble and are therefore harder to transport in blood. Lipids are primarily an energy storage chemical that can be stored in fat tissue, and carbohydrates are generally used for immediate energy needs being stored to a much lesser degree. Lipids also act as an insulator and can form structures. Carbohydrates provide 4 kilocalories of energy per gram when broken down and fats produce 9 kilocalories of energy when broken down.
4) Compare and contrast vitamins and