Bio202 Exam 1 Sample Questions

Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Marieb/Hoehn) Chapter 16 The Endocrine System Matching Questions

Figure 16.1 Using Figure 16.1, match the following: 1) Produces the hormones that promote the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 623; Fig. 16.1 2) Storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 605; Fig. 16.1 3) Produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary male sex characteristics. Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: 623; Fig. 16.1

4) Produce steroid hormones and glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 614; Fig. 16.1 5) Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 601; Fig. 16.1

Figure 16.2 Using Figure 16.2, match the following hypothalamic hormones with the pituitary hormone targets: 6) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 603-604 7) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 605 8) Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH). Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 605 9) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: 605 10) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 605 Match the following: A) Addison's disease B) Acromegaly C) Diabetes mellitus D) Pituitary dwarfism E) Graves' disease 11) An autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 611 12) Hyposecretion of growth hormone. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 604 13) Hyposecretion of the pancreas. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 622 14) Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 618 15) Hypersecretion of growth hormone. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 604 Answers: 11) E 12) D 13) C 14) A 15) B

Match the following: A) Cushing's disease B) Myxedema C) Acromegaly D) Cretinism 16) Hyposecretion of the thyroid in adults. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 611 17) Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 617-618 18) Hypersecretion of growth hormone. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 604 19) Hyposecretion of the thyroid in infants. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 611 Answers: 16) B 17) A 18) C 19) D Match the following: A) Thyroid B) Adrenal medulla C) Hypophysis D) Parathyroid E) Pancreas 20) The size and shape of a pea; produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 601 21) The gland that controls the fight-or-flight reaction. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 619; Fig. 16.16 22) Produces hormones that regulate glucose levels in the body. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 621; Fig. 16.18 23) Produces a hormone that controls blood levels of calcium and potassium by their removal from bone tissue. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 612; Fig. 16.12 24) Produces the body's major metabolic hormones. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 609; Tbl. 16.2 Answers: 20) C 21) B 22) E 23) D 24) A

Figure 16.3 Using Figure 16.3, match the following: 25) Produces glucocorticoids. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 614; Fig. 16.13 26) Produces epinephrine. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 618; Fig. 16.13 27) Produces aldosterone. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 614; Fig. 16.13 28) Excess hormone levels result in Cushing’s syndrome. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 617; Fig. 16.13 29) Hormones mimic sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 619; Fig. 16.13 30) Produces androgens. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 614; Fig. 16.13

True/False Questions 1) In humans, melatonin may inhibit sexual maturation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 620 2) The antagonistic hormones that regulate the blood calcium level are calcitonin-parathormone. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 611-613 3) The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 621 4) Addison’s disease is due to a deficit output of glucocorticoids only. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 618 5) Both "turn on" factors (hormonal, humoral, and neural stimuli) and "turn off" factors (feedback inhibition and others) may be modulated by the activity of the nervous system. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 600 6) ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 605 7) LH is also referred to as a gonadotropin. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 605 8) With age, chronic stress increases blood levels of cortisol and appears to contribute to memory deterioration. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 626 9) Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 606 10) Follicle cells of the thyroid gland produce thyroglobulin, while follicle cells of the parathyroid produce calcitonin. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 608

11) Type 2 diabetics may reflect declining receptor sensitivity to insulin rather than decreased insulin production. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 626 12) The prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenesis. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 616-617 13) The beta cells are the pancreatic islet cells that produce insulin. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 621 14) Most type 2 diabetics do not produce insulin. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 627 15) Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocorticoid produced in the adrenals but the least abundant. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 614 16) Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood pressure in part by increasing the urinary excretion of sodium. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 615 17) Although glucagon is a small polypeptide, it is nevertheless very potent in its regulatory effects. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 621-622 18) The thyroid gland is a large gland that controls metabolic functions throughout the life of an individual. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 609 19) Many hormones synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract are chemically identical to brain neurotransmitters. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 624 20) All of the following hormones are secreted by the adenohypophysis: ACTH, FSH, and LH. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 605; Tbl. 16.1

21) Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 609-610 22) The endocrine gland that is probably malfunctioning if a person has a high metabolic rate is the parathyroid. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 609, 612-613 23) Growth hormone always exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 603-604 24) Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that usually enhance the immune responses when an individual is suffering from severe stress. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 616-617 25) Direct gene activation involves a second-messenger system. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 598 26) All peptide hormone synthesis requires gene activation that produces mRNA. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 596-598 27) All adenohypophyseal hormones except GH affect their target cells via a cyclic AMP second messenger. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 603

Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of ________. A) aldosterone B) insulin C) secretin D) cortisol Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 616-617 2) Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________. A) adrenal medulla B) pancreas C) thyroid gland D) thymus gland Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 624; Tbl. 16.5 3) Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular ________. A) ions B) deactivators C) nucleotides D) second messengers Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 596 4) Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus? A) enzyme B) humoral C) neural D) hormonal Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 600 5) Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________. A) enzymes B) antibodies C) proteins D) hormones Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 596

6) The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________. A) connects the hypophysis to the pituitary gland B) is partly contained within the infundibulum C) conducts aldosterone to the hypophysis D) is the site of prolactin synthesis Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 603 7) Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus? A) polyuria B) polydipsia C) polyphagia D) All of these are signs. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 622 8) Which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction? A) blood levels of hormone B) type of hormone C) number of receptors for that hormone D) strength of the bond between the receptor and hormone Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 598 9) Oxytocin ________. A) release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism B) is an adenohypophyseal secretion C) exerts its most important effects during menstruation D) controls milk production Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 606-607 10) ADH ________. A) increases urine production B) promotes dehydration C) is produced in the adenohypophysis D) is inhibited by alcohol Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 608

11) Thyroid hormone exerts its influence by ________. A) entering some cells and binding to intracellular receptors within the nuclei B) exerting only a minor effect on body metabolism C) causing a reduction in the number of blood vessel adrenergic receptors, and therefore decreasing blood pressure D) acting to decrease basal metabolic rate Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 609 12) Gonadocorticoid(s) ________. A) synthesized by the adrenal medulla are primarily androgens B) production by the adrenal gland is insignificant compared with sex hormone release from the gonads during late puberty C) secretion inhibition is highly dependent on a negative feedback loop involving ACTH D) hypersecretion can result in adrenogenital syndrome, also called feminization Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 618 13) Sometimes prolonged excessive exposure to high hormone concentrations causes a phenomenon known as ________. A) diabetes mellitus B) cellular inhibition C) down-regulation D) metabolism of protein kinases Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 598 14) Which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus? A) a change in membrane potential B) the stimulation of a genetic event resulting in protein synthesis C) an increase in enzymatic activity D) direct control of the nervous system Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 596 15) The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________. A) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path B) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ C) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ D) nothingall hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 598

16) Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ________. A) hepatic portal system B) general circulatory system C) hypophyseal portal system D) feedback loop Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 603 17) The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because ________. A) it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release B) embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional C) it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to its location D) it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 601, 605 18) Steroid hormones exert their action by ________. A) entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene B) finding an appropriate cell receptor and initiating cAMP activity C) stimulating the synthesis of a glycogen D) increasing blood pressure Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 598 19) The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________. A) synthesizing more of the hormone than is actually needed B) increasing the basal metabolic rate in the target organ C) not responding to a feedback mechanism D) binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 596 20) Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because ________. A) there are thousands of receptors on the cell membrane B) the receptors bind to several hormones at the same time C) the protein kinases are rapidly metabolized D) during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 597

21) Cells that respond to peptide hormones usually do so through a sequence of biochemical reactions involving receptor and kinase activation. In order for cells to respond, it is necessary for first and second messengers to communicate. This is possible because ________. A) peptide hormones always enter the cell membrane and elicit a response without assistance from other messengers B) hormones alter cellular operations through stimulation of a gene directly C) G protein acts as the link between first and second messengers D) the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm as a unit Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 597 22) Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to ________. A) insulin, because insulin is a small peptide B) steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells C) growth hormone, because the thyroid works synergistically with thyroid hormone D) glucagon, because the structure of glucagon is similar to that of thyroid hormone Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 609 23) When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is ________. A) estrogen B) epinephrine C) angiotensinogen D) renin Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 619; Fig. 16.16 24) One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism? A) the rapid oxidation of carbohydrates B) catabolic inhibition C) protein synthesis D) humoral stimulation Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 600 25) The major targets of growth hormone are ________. A) the blood vessels B) the adrenal glands C) the liver D) bones and skeletal muscles Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 603-604

26) The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. This is accomplished through ________. A) blocking the action of growth hormone B) targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts so that calcium will be released C) antagonizing the synthesis of calcitonin D) slowing the activity of tissues that require calcium for activity Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 613 27) Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP? A) the heart B) the kidney C) the skin D) the spleen Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 615; Tbl. 16.5 28) Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________. A) testosterone B) estrogen C) cortisol D) epinephrine Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 614, 616 29) Leptin is secreted by ________. A) lymphocytes B) adipocytes C) goblet cells D) fibroblasts Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 624; Tbl. 16.5 30) The most important regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is ________. A) insulin B) aldosterone C) glucagon D) cortisol Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 614-615

31) Which of the following is not a steroid-based hormone? A) estrogen B) aldosterone C) epinephrine D) cortisone Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 596 32) Which of the following would be associated with the action of steroids on cells? A) extracellular receptors with a specificity for only a single amino acid sequence on the hormone B) an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP C) second-messenger systems D) a hormone-receptor complex that interacts directly with the cell's DNA Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 598 33) Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include ________. A) possible activation of several different second-messenger systems B) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase formation of an active second messenger C) formation of a specific protein kinase that acts on a series of extracellular intermediates D) hormone binding to intracellular receptors Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 596-597 34) Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ________. A) enter venous circulation and travel to the heart, which pumps the hormone-containing blood to the pituitary B) enter the hepatic portal system, which feeds the pituitary C) travel by arteries to the pituitary D) first enter into the hypophyseal portal system Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 603 35) ACTH ________. A) is secreted by the posterior pituitary B) secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion C) causes the release of hormones from the adrenal medulla D) is not a tropic hormone Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 605

36) Which of the following is true about calcium homeostasis? A) Increased calcitonin levels will cause increased blood calcium levels. B) High calcium levels cause bone resorption. C) Parathyroid hormone causes an increase in osteoblast activity. D) Parathyroid hormone is the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 612 37) Aldosterone ________. A) is secreted by the neurohypophysis B) functions to increase sodium reabsorption C) presence increases potassium concentration in the blood D) production is greatly influenced by ACTH Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 614-615 38) The only amine hormone to act like a steroid is ________. A) TH B) ACTH C) GH D) ADH Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 598 39) Which organ does not have hormone production? A) heart B) kidney C) liver D) skin Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 624; Tbl. 16.5 40) In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as ________. A) the cell's sensitivity reaction B) cellular affinity C) up-regulation D) a reaction to a stressor Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 598

41) Eicosanoids do not include ________. A) paracrines B) leukotrienes C) hydrocortisones D) prostaglandins Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 596 42) A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem. A) FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore it is not synthesized by males. B) The physician is wronga hormone made in the adenohypophysis could not influence fertility. C) FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes. D) The man must be producing progesterone, which inhibits the synthesis of FSH. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 605 43) Which of the following organs is affected by thyroid hormone in adults? A) liver B) spleen C) thyroid gland D) brain Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 609; Tbl. 16.2 44) Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference? A) It causes positive feedback. B) It does not require a second messenger to effect a response. C) It is very specific in the cell type it targets. D) It is a stimulant of cellular metabolism and targets all cells. Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 598 45) How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress? A) by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure B) by decreasing the heart rate, thus decreasing blood pressure C) by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin D) by blocking the neurotransmitters that prepare the body for the stress response Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 616-617

46) What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acidbased hormones? A) iron B) calcium C) sodium D) chlorine Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 598 Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Marieb/Hoehn) Chapter 17 Blood Matching Questions

Figure 17.1 Using Figure 17.1, match the following: 1) Monocyte. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 645; Tbl. 17.2 2) Lymphocyte. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 645; Tbl. 17.2 3) Eosinophil. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 645; Tbl. 17.2 4) Neutrophil. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 645; Tbl. 17.2 5) Most common white blood cell found in whole blood. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 644; Tbl. 17.2 6) Mounts an immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 646; Tbl. 17.2 7) Kills parasitic worms. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 645; Tbl. 17.2

8) Becomes a macrophage. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 646; Tbl. 17.2 9) Main bacteria killer during acute infections. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 646; Tbl. 17.2 Match the following: A) Eosinophil B) Neutrophil C) Erythrocyte D) Monocyte E) Basophil 10) Nucleus has two lobes; contains granules of lysosomal enzymes; functions in attacking parasitic worms. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 645; Tbl. 17.2 11) Nucleus is multilobed; functions as a phagocyte; contains fine indistinct granules. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 644; Tbl. 17.2 12) Transports CO2 and oxygen. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 637; Tbl. 17.2 13) Contains a U- or an S-shaped nucleus; granules stain very dark; releases histamine and heparin. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 646; Tbl. 17.2 14) Largest of the WBCs; crucial in defense against viruses; associated with chronic infections. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 646; Tbl. 17.2 Answers: 10) A 11) B 12) C 13) E 14) D

Match the following: A) Albumin B) Fibrinogen 15) The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 636; Tbl. 17.1 16) Thrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 651-652 17) Forms the structural framework of a blood clot. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 651-652 18) Makes up most of plasma protein. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 636; Tbl. 17.1 Answers: 15) A 16) B 17) B 18) A Match the following: A) Albumin B) Fibrinogen C) Gamma globulins D) Alpha and beta globulins 19) Main contributor to osmotic pressure. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 636; Tbl. 17.1 20) Antibodies released by plasma cells during immune response. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 636; Tbl. 17.1 21) Forms fibrin thread of blood clot. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 651; Tbl. 17.1 22) Transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions, and fat-soluble vitamins. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 636; Tbl. 17.1 Answers: 19) A 20) C 21) B 22) D

Match the following: A) Monocyte B) Factor VIII C) Agglutination D) Neutrophil E) Hemoglobin 23) Polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 644; Tbl. 17.2 24) White blood cell with dark-staining nucleus. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 646; Tbl. 17.2 25) Protein capable of changing shape and color in the presence of O2. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 638 26) Adverse reaction of donor blood cells with recipient plasma. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 656 27) Lacking in hemophilia type A. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 654 Answers: 23) D 24) A 25) E 26) C 27) B Match the following: A) Heparin B) Spectrin C) Erythropoietin D) Interleukins and CSFs E) Prostaglandin derivates such as Thrombozane A2 28) Produced by platelets. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 650 29) A fibrous protein that gives shape to an RBC plasma membrane. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 637 30) Hormone that stimulates production of RBCs. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 639 31) Stimulates WBC production. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 646 32) Natural anticoagulant found in basophils. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 653 Answers: 28) E 29) B 30) C 31) D 32) A

Figure 17.2 Using Figure 17.2, match the following: 33) Type O. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 656; Fig. 17.16 34) Type A. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 656; Fig. 17.16 35) Type AB. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 656; Fig. 17.16 36) Type B. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 656; Fig. 17.16 37) Universal donor. Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 656; Fig. 17.16

38) Universal recipient. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 656; Fig. 17.16 Match the following: A) Leukemia B) Anemia C) Polycythemia D) Embolism 39) Cancerous condition involving white blood cells. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 648 40) Condition in which blood has abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 641 41) Abnormal excess of erythrocytes resulting in an increase in blood viscosity. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 643 42) Free-floating thrombus in the bloodstream. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 653 Answers: 39) A 40) B 41) C 42) D True/False Questions 1) The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 638 2) Leukemia refers to cancerous conditions of white blood cells. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 648 3) The immediate response to blood vessel injury is clotting. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 649 4) The process of fibrinolysis disposes of bacteria when healing has occurred. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 652 5) The RBC "graveyard" is the liver. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 641 6) Hemorrhagic anemias result from blood loss. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 641-642 7) White blood cells are produced through the action of colony-stimulating factors. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 646 8) Hemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 638 9) Each heme contains an atom of iron and can transport one molecule of oxygen. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 638 10) Each hemoglobin molecule can transport two molecules of oxygen. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 638 11) Diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 643 12) Positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 643 13) A condition of leukocytosis indicates over 11,000 white blood cells per cubic millimeter in the blood. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 643 14) Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 645-646 15) Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocytes. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 646-647 16) A person with type B blood could receive blood from a person with either type B or type O blood. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 655; Tbl. 17.4 17) Leukocytes move through the circulatory system by amoeboid motion. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 643 18) Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 644 19) All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 646; Tbl. 17.2 20) Myelocytic leukemia involves a cancerous condition of lymphocytes. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 648 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following is a pivotal molecule associated with the external surfaces of aggregated platelets and is involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of blood clotting? A) PGI2 B) PF3 C) Thrombin D) Thromboplastin (prothrombin activator) Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 651 2) What is the average normal pH range of blood? A) 8.358.45 B) 7.757.85 C) 7.357.45 D) 4.654.75 Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 635 3) The special type of hemoglobin present in fetal red blood cells is ________. A) hemoglobin A B) hemoglobin B C) hemoglobin F D) hemoglobin S Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 657

4) Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood? A) megakaryocyte B) NK cell C) pluripotent stem cell (hemocytoblast) D) polymorphonuclear cell Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 639 5) Which blood type is called the universal donor? A) A B) B C) AB D) O Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 656 6) Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood? A) delivery of oxygen to body cells B) transport of metabolic wastes from cells C) prevention of blood loss D) maintenance of normal pH in body tissues Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 636 7) Which of the following is a protective function of blood? A) prevention of blood loss B) maintenance of adequate fluid volume C) maintenance of normal pH in body tissue D) maintenance of body temperature Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 636 8) Which of the statements below is an incorrect or false statement? A) Transfusion of incompatible blood can be fatal. B) Unique to the ABO blood group is the presence in the plasma of preformed antibodies. C) Blood typing for the Kell, Lewis, and Duffy factors is always done before a blood transfusion. D) When a transfusion reaction occurs, the oxygen-carrying capacity of the transfused blood cells is disrupted and the clumping of RBCs in small vessels hinders blood flow to tissues beyond those points. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 654

9) Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis? A) hypoxia of EPO-producing cells B) decreased tissue demand for oxygen C) an increased number of RBCs D) moving to a lower altitude Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 639 10) As red blood cells age ________. A) ATP production increases B) membranes "wear out" and the cells become damaged C) they will eventually be excreted by the digestive system D) iron will be excreted by the kidneys Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 641 11) An individual who is blood type AB negative can ________. A) receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen B) donate to all blood types in moderate amounts C) receive types A, B, and AB, but not type O D) donate to types A, B, and AB, but not to type O Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 654-655 12) The most abundant plasma protein is ________. A) globulin B) clotting protein C) albumin D) bile Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 636 13) When neither anti-A sera nor anti-B sera clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type ________. A) A B) B C) AB D) O Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 656; Fig. 17.16

14) Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation. A) The main sites of blood cell production in adults are the spleen and the liver. B) Before the seventh month of fetal development, yellow marrow is the main site of blood cell formation. C) Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life. D) Yellow marrow is the main site of leukocyte formation. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 657 15) Blood volume restorers include all of the following except ________. A) dextran B) albumin C) packed cells D) saline solutions Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 656 16) James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. This is ________. A) above normal B) normal only if James is an infant C) abnormally low D) within the normal range Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 638 17) Which of these is not a normal plasma protein? A) fibrinogen B) gamma globulin C) thromboplastin D) albumin Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 636 18) All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except ________. A) high hematocrit B) low blood viscosity C) increased blood volume D) high blood pressure Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 643 19) No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________. A) monocytes B) basophils C) eosinophils D) neutrophils Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 646 20) Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? A) vascular spasm B) fibrinolysis C) platelet plug formation D) coagulation Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 649 21) Place the following in correct developmental sequence: 1. reticulocyte 2. proerythroblast 3. normoblast 4. late erythroblast A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 3, 2, 4 C) 2, 1, 3, 4 D) 2, 4, 3, 1 Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 639 22) A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of ________. A) aplastic anemia B) polycythemia C) pernicious anemia D) sickle-cell anemia Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 642 23) The slowest step in the clotting process is ________. A) formation of prothrombin activator B) production of fibrin strands C) binding fibrin strands D) release of PF3 Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 651 24) Thromboembolic disorders ________. A) result in uncontrolled bleeding B) include thrombus formation, a clot in a broken blood vessel C) include embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system D) are caused by vitamin K deficiency Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 653 25) Which of the following is not a cause of bleeding disorders? A) thrombocytopenia, a condition of decreased circulating platelets B) excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) C) a defect in the clotting cascade D) vitamin K deficiency Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 653-654 26) Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes? A) They are nucleated. B) They have cytoplasmic granules. C) They are phagocytic. D) They are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 643 27) Which of the following is true about blood plasma? A) It is the same as serum but without the clotting proteins. B) The main protein component is hemoglobin. C) It is about 90% water. D) It contains about 20 dissolved components. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 636 28) Platelets ________. A) stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break B) have a life span of about 120 days C) are the precursors of leukocytes D) have multiple nuclei Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 648 29) Which sequence is correct for the following events? 1. fibrinogen → fibrin 2. clot retraction 3. formation of thromboplastin 4. prothrombin → thrombin A) 3, 4, 1, 2 B) 1, 2, 3, 4 C) 4, 3, 1, 2 D) 3, 2, 1, 4 Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 650-651

30) Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean? A) There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma. B) Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells. C) His blood lacks Rh factor. D) He can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive. Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 655 31) Sickling of red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle-cell anemia by ________. A) travel at high altitude B) vigorous exercise C) malaria and travel at high altitude D) travel at high altitude and vigorous exercise Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 642-643 32) All of the following conditions impair coagulation except ________. A) vascular spasm B) vitamin K deficiency C) severe hypocalcemia D) liver disease Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 653 33) When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother? A) if the child is type O positive B) if the child is Rh+ C) if the father is Rh+ D) if the father is Rh- Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 655 34) Complications of aplastic anemia generally do not include ________. A) increase of leukocytes as a result of erythrocyte loss B) suppressed immunity C) impaired formation of all formed elements D) bleeding disorders Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 642 35) Blood is a ________. A) colloid B) homogeneous compound C) heterogeneous compound D) suspension Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 635 36) What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production? A) kidney B) brain C) liver D) pancreas Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 638-639