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Bill of Quantities Bo

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Bill of Quantities Bo
A bill of quantities (BOQ) is an itemized list of materials, parts, and labor (with their costs) required to construct, maintain, or repair a specific structure.
It is a document used in tendering in the construction industry in which materials, parts, and labor (and their costs) are itemized. It also (ideally) details the terms and conditions of the construction or repair contract and itemizes all work to enable a contractor to price the work for which he or she is bidding.
The term Bills of Quantities (BQ) is defined in the SMM (Standard Method of
Measurement) as a list of items giving brief identifying descriptions and estimated quantities of the works to be performed. The BQ forms a part of the contract documents, and is the basis of payment to the Contractor.
Bills of quantities are prepared by quantity surveyors and building estimators, etc.
Bills of quantities are prepared by a “taking off” in which the cost of a building or other structure is estimated from measurements in the Architects, Structural
Engineers, and other building consultants drawings. These are used to create a cost estimate such as in regard to the square area in meters of walls and roofs, the numbers of doors and windows, and systems as heating, plumbing and electrics. Similar types of work are then brought together under one item, a process known as "abstracting".

Estimating books (available with PWD department provide the relevant costs of the materials and labour costs of the operations or trades used in construction.
As the rates for materials and labour change due to inflation, these books are frequently republished.
There are different styles of bills of quantities, mainly the Elemental BOQ and
Trade Bills.
A Contingency sum is an item found within a Bill of quantities (BoQ).
The item refers to unforeseeable cost likely to be incurred during the contract.
There are two types of contingency sum. The first refers to a specific item i.e.
'additional alterations to services when

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