Myocardial infarction also known as a heart attack, takes place when blood flow is interrupted to a part of your heart, allowing a blood clot to obstruct a coronary artery supplying blood to the heart and the heart muscle dies. Each year, the American Heart Association brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart attacks, and their risk factors. In 2010, the estimate on heart attacks in the U.S. is about $316 billion in order to provide health care, and medicines. A myocardial infarction is indeed one of the most serious illnesses in the world. In the United States alone, 785,000 people undergo their first heart attack and another 470,000 experience a second heart attack every year. With about 1.5 million people suffering from a heart…
Today one of the most fatal heart conditions that has developed would be atherosclerosis. atherosclerosis is usually the cause of myocardial infarctions, angina pectoris, and peripheral vascular disease. The statement in WebMD, What is Athersclerosis, by Dr. James Beckerman states that cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in America with more than 800,000 deaths in 2005.…
CAD is thought to begin with damage or injury to the intimal layer of coronary artery, sometimes as early as childhood. The damage may be caused by various factors, including: smoking, hypertension, hypercholestromia, diabetes or insulin resistance, radiation therapy to the chest, as used for certain types of cancer, and sedentary lifestyle. Once the intimal layer of coronary artery is damaged, fatty deposits (plaques) made up of cholesterol and other cellular waste products tend to accumulate at the site of injury in a process called atherosclerosis. If the surface of these plaques breaks or ruptures, platelets will clump at the site to try to repair the artery. This clump can block the artery, leading to a heart attack. Recent research has…
The disease process for atherosclerosis is vast and includes many specific biomarkers, inflammatory mediators and cells along its progression. The vast majority of the disease process begins within the endothelium of the vascular system. A healthy artery has healthy endothelial cells that regulate the tonicity of the vessels and help to apply antiplatelet, anticoagulation and fibrinolytic elements (Galkina & Ley, 2007). Without these components, platelets clump together and cause potential occlusions in the vessels, resulting in localized ischemia and possibly the formation of emboli or thrombi. The tonicity and shape of the endothelium are controlled by the release of several vasoconstrictor (endothelin and angiotensin II) and vasodilator (prostacyclin, bradykinin and nitric oxide) chemical mediators (Davignon & Ganz, 2004).…
Cardiovascular disease is a substantial concern and has emerged as one of the leading health issues. In examining cardiovascular disease, its incidence is astounding. Each year approximately one million men and women die, averaging one death every thirty three seconds (Heart, 2013).The death rate for cardiovascular issues such as myocardial infarction and CHF claim more lives than cancer and Aids combined. Heart disease will be the number one cause of death by the year 2020 worldwide (Heart, 2013).…
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains Australia’s biggest killer, mostly because of the deaths it causes among older people. It is also the second largest contributor to the burden of disease in Australia, after cancer. In 2007 CVD, which encompasses all heart and blood vessel, defects and conditions (e.g. stroke, heart attack) attributed to over a third of all deaths in Australia. It was the primary cause of death for over 46,623 Australians in that year. The prevalence of CVD in Australia is closely linked to the age of individuals, as the age of an individual increases the prevalence of CVD also trends upwards.…
Atherosclerosis is a form of cardiovascular disease in which the inner layers of artery walls are made thick and irregular by plaque deposits; arteries become narrow and blood supply can be reduced. (pg. 409) Atherosclerosis is deposited by fatty substances (called plaques) in the walls of the arteries. (pg.249) The arteries become narrow due to a person having high blood pressure which makes the heart work harder which forces the blood through the arteries making it narrow and stiffen. They also become narrowed buy deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. The lining arteries gets damaged by the endothelial cells (cells that line the arteries) becomes damaged. This is caused by smoking, high blood pressure, high insulin or glucose levels, and deposits of oxidized LDL particles. Next the body responds to these damages by causing information and changes in the artery lining that…
In 2001, hypertensive disease caused about one-third of all mortalities, with about 85% of these deaths in low to middle income countries. (Anon, 2014) Heart attacks effects 12.7% of the world’s population. In China, 48% of the adults and 79% of the elders suffer from high blood pressure.…
According to WHO (World Health Organization), heart disease is the leading cause of death in the UK, USA, Canada and Australia.…
The biggest contributor to cardiovascular system- related morbidity and mortality is coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that affects arteries throughout the body. (CAD)…
According to The National Institutes of Health indicates that approximately 1.1 Million Americans suffer a heart attack each year, and together cardiovascular…
There are many different types of heart diseases. Coronary seems to be the main form.…
Problem Statement: Chronic diseases – such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and obesity – are the most common and leading causes of death in America.…
There are a great number of diseases such as cancer and HIV around the world. However, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now arousing public attention due to its increasing effect on populations. ‘Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the name for the group of disorders of heart and blood vessels such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases’ (WHO, 2012). CVD has enormous impacts on health and kills an estimated 17 million individuals worldwide annually (Mandal, 2012). A great amount of research explicitly indicates some causes. The most important factors of CVD are unhealthy lifestyle, tobacco use and alcohol abuse. To avoid suffering from CVD, individuals should engage in regular physical activities, choose a balanced diet, and reduce consumption of tobacco and alcohol. The following assignment will analyze the causes of cardiovascular disease.…
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death globally. Over the last century, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has burgeoned from a less impact disease to a leading cause of death and disability. By 2020, CVDs are projected to surpass infectious diseases as the leading cause of mortality. The number of deaths due to CVD is projected to increase to 23.3 million by 2030 [ ]. Blood is normally considered a sterile environment in healthy individuals [Drennan, 1942]. Earlier, it has been reported that blood might contain microbes or their components even in healthy individuals [Nikkari et al., 2001; Li et al., 2012]. After the studies on the human microbiome were initiated in the year 2008, microbes were identified to be a part…
