Athabasca Oil Sands Research Paper
Athabasca oil sands
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the bitumen deposit. For the corporation, see Athabasca Oil Sands Corp.
Athabasca oil sands
Athabasca Oil Sands map.png
Country Canada
Region Northern Alberta
Offshore/onshore Onshore, mining
Coordinates 57.02°N 111.65°WCoordinates: 57.02°N 111.65°W
Operators Syncrude, Suncor, CNRL, Shell, Total, Imperial Oil, Petro Canada, Devon, Husky, Statoil, Nexen
Partners Chevron, Marathon, ConocoPhillips, BP, Oxy
Field history
Discovery 1848
Start of production 1967
Production
Current production of oil 1,300,000 barrels per day (~6.5×107 t/a)[1]
Estimated oil in place 133,000 million barrels (~1.81×1010 t)[2]
Producing formations McMurray, Clearwater, …show more content…
Canadian federalism forms the functions and roles of each level of government, in that constitutional power is split so that neither is superior to the other.[48] The Constitution Act, 1867, Section 109 ensures the province full ownership of the lands and resources within its borders. The province acts as the landowner and the federal government oversees jurisdiction over trade, commerce and taxation. There is a clear overlap, as resource management influences trade, and trade management influences resources.[49] As of the 1990s, both the federal and provincial government have been aligned, focusing on regulation, technology and the development of new export markets.[50] The majority of “ground-level” governance is carried out by a number of provincial …show more content…
It is less expensive to fill abandoned open pit mines with water instead of dirt.[125] In 2012 the Cumulative Environmental Management Association (CEMA) described End Pit Lakes (EPL)[126] as
An engineered water body, located below grade in an oil sands post-mining pit. It may contain oil sands by-product material and will receive surface and groundwater from surrounding reclaimed and undisturbed landscapes. EPLs will be permanent features in the final reclaimed landscape, discharging water to the downstream environment. —CEMA 2012
CEMA acknowledged that the "main concern is the potential for EPLs to develop a legacy of toxicity and thus reduce the land use value of the oil sands region in the future." Syncrude Canada was planning the first end pit lake in 2013 with the intention of "pumping fresh water over 40 vertical metres of mine effluent that it has deposited in what it calls 'base mine lake. '" David Schindler argued that no further end pit lakes should be approved until we "have some assurance that they will eventually support a healthy ecosystem." There is to date no “evidence to support their viability, or the ‘modelled’ results suggesting that outflow from the lakes will be
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the bitumen deposit. For the corporation, see Athabasca Oil Sands Corp.
Athabasca oil sands
Athabasca Oil Sands map.png
Country Canada
Region Northern Alberta
Offshore/onshore Onshore, mining
Coordinates 57.02°N 111.65°WCoordinates: 57.02°N 111.65°W
Operators Syncrude, Suncor, CNRL, Shell, Total, Imperial Oil, Petro Canada, Devon, Husky, Statoil, Nexen
Partners Chevron, Marathon, ConocoPhillips, BP, Oxy
Field history
Discovery 1848
Start of production 1967
Production
Current production of oil 1,300,000 barrels per day (~6.5×107 t/a)[1]
Estimated oil in place 133,000 million barrels (~1.81×1010 t)[2]
Producing formations McMurray, Clearwater, …show more content…
Canadian federalism forms the functions and roles of each level of government, in that constitutional power is split so that neither is superior to the other.[48] The Constitution Act, 1867, Section 109 ensures the province full ownership of the lands and resources within its borders. The province acts as the landowner and the federal government oversees jurisdiction over trade, commerce and taxation. There is a clear overlap, as resource management influences trade, and trade management influences resources.[49] As of the 1990s, both the federal and provincial government have been aligned, focusing on regulation, technology and the development of new export markets.[50] The majority of “ground-level” governance is carried out by a number of provincial …show more content…
It is less expensive to fill abandoned open pit mines with water instead of dirt.[125] In 2012 the Cumulative Environmental Management Association (CEMA) described End Pit Lakes (EPL)[126] as
An engineered water body, located below grade in an oil sands post-mining pit. It may contain oil sands by-product material and will receive surface and groundwater from surrounding reclaimed and undisturbed landscapes. EPLs will be permanent features in the final reclaimed landscape, discharging water to the downstream environment. —CEMA 2012
CEMA acknowledged that the "main concern is the potential for EPLs to develop a legacy of toxicity and thus reduce the land use value of the oil sands region in the future." Syncrude Canada was planning the first end pit lake in 2013 with the intention of "pumping fresh water over 40 vertical metres of mine effluent that it has deposited in what it calls 'base mine lake. '" David Schindler argued that no further end pit lakes should be approved until we "have some assurance that they will eventually support a healthy ecosystem." There is to date no “evidence to support their viability, or the ‘modelled’ results suggesting that outflow from the lakes will be